标准的emacs用户是遇不到这一节的，因为默认就可以编辑。但是spacemacs用户需要先学习一下强大的vi的模式切换功能了。vi的一个重要特点就是命令特别多，所以一旦学会了效率就非常高。我们以进入编辑模式为说明一下，大家就清楚了。
有同学说了，切换到编辑模式，只用一条命令，比如i命令，切过去就是了么。从功能上说，是这样的。但是，这样的效率还不够高。vi中是这样的定义的：
i：在当前光标之前插入文本a: 在当前光标之后插入文本A: 在当前行的结尾处插入文本I: 在当前行的开始处插入文本o: 在光标位置的下一行加一个新行插入文本O: 在光标位置的上一行加一个新行插入文本s: 删除光标所在位置的字符，再进行插入S: 删除光标所在行，再进行插入R: 用新的字符替换现有的字符在evil的实现中，i对应的是evil-insert函数：
(defun evil-insert (count &optional vcount skip-empty-lines) (interactive (list (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg) (and (evil-visual-state-p) (memq (evil-visual-type) '(line block)) (save-excursion (let ((m (mark))) ;; go to upper-left corner temporarily so ;; `count-lines' yields accurate results (evil-visual-rotate 'upper-left) (prog1 (count-lines evil-visual-beginning evil-visual-end) (set-mark m))))) (evil-visual-state-p))) (if (and (called-interactively-p 'any) (evil-visual-state-p)) (cond ((eq (evil-visual-type) 'line) (evil-visual-rotate 'upper-left) (evil-insert-line count vcount)) ((eq (evil-visual-type) 'block) (let ((column (min (evil-column evil-visual-beginning) (evil-column evil-visual-end)))) (evil-visual-rotate 'upper-left) (move-to-column column t) (evil-insert count vcount skip-empty-lines))) (t (evil-visual-rotate 'upper-left) (evil-insert count vcount skip-empty-lines))) (setq evil-insert-count count evil-insert-lines nil evil-insert-vcount (and vcount (> vcount 1) (list (line-number-at-pos) (current-column) vcount)) evil-insert-skip-empty-lines skip-empty-lines) (evil-insert-state 1)))a绑定的是evil-appendA绑定evil-append-lineI绑定evil-insert-lineo绑定evil-open-belowO绑定evil-open-aboves绑定evil-substituteS绑定evil-change-whole-lineR绑定的是evil-replace-state
从编辑模式退回普通模式的命令的Esc.
Del 删除上一个字符，对应delete-forward-char函数。
C-d (delete-char) 删除光标位置字符，不过这个绑定在spacemacs中不支持。在spacemacs中的正常模式下，可以使用vi的x命令来删除当前字符，函数是evil-delete-char.
(evil-define-operator evil-delete-char (beg end type register) :motion evil-forward-char (interactive "<R><x>") (evil-delete beg end type register))下面我们学习emacs中非常有趣的一个功能。在vi中，删除一行非常容易，一条命令dd就可以了。
但是emacs不会这样的，要想删除一行，需要三个命令C-a C-k C-k，哈哈C-k绑定的命令是kill-line，它的作用是，删除光标至行尾的所有内容，但是不包括换行符。删除掉这个空行需要再执行一次kill-line.
如果要删除从光标开始到行首的命令的话，我们可以使用kill-line的负命令，就是把负号做为参数传给kill-line. 方法是调用negative-argument函数，它绑定的键特别多，有C--, A--, C-A--，反正跟减号的组合都是它就是了。
(defun negative-argument (arg) "Begin a negative numeric argument for the next command. \\[universal-argument] following digits or minus sign ends the argument." (interactive "P") (prefix-command-preserve-state) (setq prefix-arg (cond ((integerp arg) (- arg)) ((eq arg '-) nil) (t '-))) (universal-argument--mode))要想做剪切和复制，第一步要先做文本区域的选择。
在想要选择的文本区域的头部，使用set-mark-command函数来设置标记:
(defun set-mark-command (arg) (interactive "P") (cond ((eq transient-mark-mode 'lambda) (kill-local-variable 'transient-mark-mode)) ((eq (car-safe transient-mark-mode) 'only) (deactivate-mark))) (cond ((and (consp arg) (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 4)) (push-mark-command nil)) ((not (eq this-command 'set-mark-command)) (if arg (pop-to-mark-command) (push-mark-command t))) ((and set-mark-command-repeat-pop (eq last-command 'pop-global-mark) (not arg)) (setq this-command 'pop-global-mark) (pop-global-mark)) ((or (and set-mark-command-repeat-pop (eq last-command 'pop-to-mark-command)) arg) (setq this-command 'pop-to-mark-command) (pop-to-mark-command)) ((eq last-command 'set-mark-command) (if (region-active-p) (progn (deactivate-mark) (message "Mark deactivated")) (activate-mark) (message "Mark activated"))) (t (push-mark-command nil))))set-mark-command绑定在Ctrl-@和Ctrl-空格上。不管是Windows还是MacOS，Ctrl-空格都已被操作系统征用了，可以用C-@，不过这个键确实是不好用，需要按Ctrl-Shift-2。
设置了标记之后，将光标移至要选择的结尾就可以了。如果想确认下标记的位置，可以用exchange-point-and-mark函数，快捷键C-x C-x.
选中文本块之后，就可以将其删除kill-region，然后再到新的位置通过yank命令粘贴出来就好。删除之后，删除的结果会存到删除环中。在标准emacs下，kill-region绑定在C-w上，但是spacemacs下不支持。可以使用Shift-Delete组合。yank在标准emacs上绑定在C-y上，spacemacs下也不支持，但是可以使用Shift-Insert.spacemacs是个土洋结合的系统，使用emacs的方式选中文本区域之后，可以使用vi的d命令达到同样的剪切效果，函数是evil-delete。不选中文本块，只删除一行的话，命令是dd。
(evil-define-operator evil-delete (beg end type register yank-handler) (interactive "<R><x><y>") (unless register (let ((text (filter-buffer-substring beg end))) (unless (string-match-p "\n" text) ;; set the small delete register (evil-set-register ?- text)))) (let ((evil-was-yanked-without-register nil)) (evil-yank beg end type register yank-handler)) (cond ((eq type 'block) (evil-apply-on-block #'delete-region beg end nil)) ((and (eq type 'line) (= end (point-max)) (or (= beg end) (/= (char-before end) ?\n)) (/= beg (point-min)) (= (char-before beg) ?\n)) (delete-region (1- beg) end)) (t (delete-region beg end))) ;; place cursor on beginning of line (when (and (called-interactively-p 'any) (eq type 'line)) (evil-first-non-blank)))复制也是先选中文本区域，然后使用kill-ring-save函数将其复制到删除环中，最后还是通过yank命令粘贴。它绑定的键是A-w，在spacemacs中仍然有效。
也可以使用vi中的y命令，达到同样的效果，函数是evil-yank. 有没有觉得用y键比A-w键要舒服一些？
(evil-define-operator evil-yank (beg end type register yank-handler) "Saves the characters in motion into the kill-ring." :move-point nil :repeat nil (interactive "<R><x><y>") (let ((evil-was-yanked-without-register (and evil-was-yanked-without-register (not register)))) (cond ((and (fboundp 'cua--global-mark-active) (fboundp 'cua-copy-region-to-global-mark) (cua--global-mark-active)) (cua-copy-region-to-global-mark beg end)) ((eq type 'block) (evil-yank-rectangle beg end register yank-handler)) ((eq type 'line) (evil-yank-lines beg end register yank-handler)) (t (evil-yank-characters beg end register yank-handler)))))如果要复制一行的话，命令是yy.
vi中的粘贴命令是p，函数是evil-paste-after
(evil-define-command evil-paste-after (count &optional register yank-handler) "Pastes the latest yanked text behind point. The return value is the yanked text." :suppress-operator t (interactive "P<x>") (if (evil-visual-state-p) (evil-visual-paste count register) (evil-with-undo (let* ((text (if register (evil-get-register register) (current-kill 0))) (yank-handler (or yank-handler (when (stringp text) (car-safe (get-text-property 0 'yank-handler text))))) (opoint (point))) (when text (if (functionp yank-handler) (let ((evil-paste-count count) ;; for non-interactive use (this-command #'evil-paste-after)) (insert-for-yank text)) ;; no yank-handler, default (when (vectorp text) (setq text (evil-vector-to-string text))) (set-text-properties 0 (length text) nil text) (unless (eolp) (forward-char)) (push-mark (point) t) ;; TODO: Perhaps it is better to collect a list of all ;; (point . mark) pairs to undo the yanking for COUNT > 1. ;; The reason is that this yanking could very well use ;; `yank-handler'. (let ((beg (point))) (dotimes (i (or count 1)) (insert-for-yank text)) (setq evil-last-paste (list #'evil-paste-after count opoint beg ; beg (point))) ; end (evil-set-marker ?\[ beg) (evil-set-marker ?\](1- (point))) (when (evil-normal-state-p) (evil-move-cursor-back))))) (when register (setq evil-last-paste nil)) (and (> (length text) 0) text)))))p是粘贴到当前光标后，如果要粘贴到当前光标前的话，命令是P，函数是evil-paste-before.
删除环不只会保存上一次的结果，如果想要更早的结果，可以通过yank-pop函数来获取。
上一讲讲过，可以在正常模式下通过使用0来移动到行首。但是，有时候我们希望跳过行首第一个不是空白符的位置，这时候，就要用"^"命令，函数是evil-first-non-blank.
(evil-define-motion evil-first-non-blank () "Move the cursor to the first non-blank character of the current line." :type exclusive (evil-narrow-to-line (back-to-indentation)))vi中的%命令，可以匹配跟当前括号配对的另一半括号，函数是evil-jump-item.
"."可以执行上一条命令，函数是evil-repeat.
(evil-define-command evil-repeat (count &optional save-point) "Repeat the last editing command with count replaced by COUNT. If SAVE-POINT is non-nil, do not move point." :repeat ignore :suppress-operator t (interactive (list current-prefix-arg (not evil-repeat-move-cursor))) (cond ((null evil-repeat-ring) (error "Already executing repeat")) (save-point (save-excursion (evil-repeat count))) (t (unwind-protect (let ((confirm-kill-emacs t) (kill-buffer-hook (cons #'(lambda () (user-error "Cannot delete buffer in repeat command")) kill-buffer-hook)) (undo-pointer buffer-undo-list)) (evil-with-single-undo (setq evil-last-repeat (list (point) count undo-pointer)) (evil-execute-repeat-info-with-count count (ring-ref evil-repeat-ring 0)))) (evil-normal-state)))))