sets类型及操作
Set是集合，它是string类型的无序集合。set是通过hash table实现的，添加，删除和查找复杂度都是0（1）。对集合我们可以取并集、交集、差集。通过这些操作我们可以实现sns中的好友推荐和blog的tag功能。
sadd:向集合中添加一个元素，通名称为key的set中添加元素。
[toto@localhost bin]$ ./redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset1 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset1 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset1 two 再次添加的时候添加不成功了。
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379>
通过smembers查看集合中有哪些元素
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset1
1) "two"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379>
srem:删除名称为key的set中的元素，删除成功返回1，删除失败返回0
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "two"
2) "one"
3) "three"
127.0.0.1:6379> srem myset2 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> srem myset2 two
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "one"
2) "three"
127.0.0.1:6379>
spop:无法指定弹出元素，是随机返回并删除名称为key的set中一个元素。
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 three
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 four
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 five
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "four"
2) "three"
3) "one"
4) "two"
5) "five"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop myset3 //随机弹出的是three
"three"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "one"
2) "four"
3) "five"
4) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop myset3 //随机弹出的是four
"four"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "one"
2) "five"
3) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379>
sdiff:两个集合的差集。
返回所有给定key与第一个key的差集。
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "one"
2) "four"
3) "five"
4) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop myset3
"four"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "one"
2) "five"
3) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 three
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 four
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "one"
2) "four"
3) "three"
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff myset2 myset3 //去除myset2中含有与myset3元素的值。
1) "three"
2) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379>
sdiffstore:返回所有给定key与第一个key的差集，并将结果存为另一个key.
sdiffstore myset4 myset2 myset3表示的意思是将myset3和myset2的差集存储到myset4里面。
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 three
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 three
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 four
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 five
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 six
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff myset2 myset3
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff myset3 myset2 //显示myset3中含有myset2的元素
1) "six"
2) "five"
3) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiffstore myset4 myset3 myset2将myset3和myset2的差集存入myset4中
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset4
1) "six"
2) "five"
3) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379>
sinter:
返回所有给定key的交集
sinterstore将取出的差集存入到另外的一个集合中。
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset1 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset1 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 three
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 four
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 five
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 four
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 five
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 six
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset3 seven
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset1
1) "two"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "four"
2) "three"
3) "five"
4) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset3
1) "seven"
2) "four"
3) "six"
4) "five"
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter myset3 myset2
1) "four"
2) "five"
127.0.0.1:6379> sinterstore myset6 myset3 myset2
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset6
1) "four"
2) "five"
127.0.0.1:6379>
sunion:表示插入并集。
返回所有给定key的并集。
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset1 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset1 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 three
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 four
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sunion myset1 myset2 查看并集
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "four"
4) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> sunionstore myset7 myset1 myset2 将并集的结果存入myset7中
(integer) 4 //返回值是4表示成功将4个元素插入myset7中
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset1
1) "two"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset7
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "four"
4) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379>
smove:从第一个key对应的set中移除member并添加到第二个对应的set中。（将第一个集合中的元素剪切下来放入第二个元素中）
将smove myset2 myset7 three表示：myset2中的three元素扔到myset7中
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset1
1) "two"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset1 five
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset8
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> smove myset1 myset8 two 将myset1中的two元素移动到myset8中
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset8
1) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset1
1) "five"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379>
scard返回名称为key的set的元素个数。(看集合中的元素个数)
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset1 看myset1集合中的元素有哪些
1) "five"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset2 看myset2集合中的元素有哪些
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset8 看myset8集合中的元素有哪些
1) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> scard myset1 查看myset1中的元素个数
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> scard myset2 查看myset2中的元素个数
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> scard myset8
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379>
sismember:测试member是否是名称为key的set的元素。（判断某个元素是否是某个集合中的元素，是返回1，不是返回0）
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset1
1) "five"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember myset1 one 判断one是否是myset1中的元素
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember myset1 two 判断two是否是myset1中的元素
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379>
srandmember:随机返回名称为key的set的一个元素，但不删除元素。
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset1
1) "five"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset7
"three"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset7
"two"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset7
"four"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset7
"three"
Sorted sets类型及操作
Sortedset是set的一个升级版本，它在set的基础上增加了一个顺序属性，这一属性在添加修改元素的时候可以指定，每次指定后，zset会自动重新按新的值调整顺序。可以理解为由两列的mysql表，一列存value，一列存顺序。操作中key理解为zset的名字。
zadd：向名称为key的zset中添加元素member,score用于排序。如果该元素存在，则更新器顺序。语法：zadd set名称 顺序 值
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 1 "one"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 2 "two"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 3 "two"
(integer) 0
这里的0 -1表示顺序号 withscores表示的意思是带上顺序号。
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379>
再如：
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sset1 1 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sset1 2 two
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sset1 3 two
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sset1 1 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset1 0 -1
1) "one"
2) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset1 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379>
zrem:删除名称为key的zset中的元素member
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset1 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrem sset1 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset1 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379>
zincrby:如果在名称为key的zset中已经存在元素member，则该元素的score增加increment,否则向该集合中添加该元素，其score的值为increment。
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset1 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby sset1 2 one //将one的顺序号增加3，同样可以减2
"3" //表示one的顺序号变成了3
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset1 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "3" //one的序号变成了3
127.0.0.1:6379>
zrank:返回名称为key的zset中的member元素的排名。（按score从小到大排序）即下标。（返回的是索引值，和序号值是有差别的）
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sset2 1 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sset2 2 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sset2 3 three
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sset2 4 four
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sset2 5 five
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "three"
6) "3"
7) "four"
8) "4"
9) "five"
10) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank sset2 four
(integer) 3 //这里的3表示的是索引值而不是序号值。
127.0.0.1:6379>
zrevrank：返回名称为key的zset中member元素的排名。（按score从大到小排序）即下标。
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "three"
6) "3"
7) "four"
8) "4"
9) "five"
10) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank sset2 four //获得four的逆向索引
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank sset2 two //获得two的逆向索引
(integer) 3
zrevrange:返回名称为key的zset(按score从大到小顺序)中的index从start到end的所有元素。(也就是说是反向排序)
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "five"
2) "5"
3) "four"
4) "4"
5) "three"
6) "3"
7) "two"
8) "2"
9) "one"
10) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379>
zrangebyscore:找到序号在指定范围内的元素
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "five"
2) "5"
3) "four"
4) "4"
5) "three"
6) "3"
7) "two"
8) "2"
9) "one"
10) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore sset2 2 4 withscores
1) "two"
2) "2"
3) "three"
4) "3"
5) "four"
6) "4"
127.0.0.1:6379>
zcount:返回集合中score在给定区间的数量。
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "five"
2) "5"
3) "four"
4) "4"
5) "three"
6) "3"
7) "two"
8) "2"
9) "one"
10) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount sset2 2 4 表示包括区间值
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount sset2 4 5 表示包括区间值
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379>
zcard:返回集合中的所有元素的个数
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "five"
2) "5"
3) "four"
4) "4"
5) "three"
6) "3"
7) "two"
8) "2"
9) "one"
10) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard sset2
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379>
zremrangebyrank:删除集合中排名在给定区间的元素（按照索引来删除）。
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "three"
6) "3"
7) "four"
8) "4"
9) "five"
10) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyrank sset2 2 3 //注意这里的2 3表示的是索引
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "five"
6) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379>
zremrangebyscore:删除集合中score在给定区间的元素（表示的是按照顺序删除）。
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "five"
6) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyscore sset2 3 4 //没有删除成功的时候返回0
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "five"
6) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyscore sset2 2 5 //删除序号为2到5之间的元素
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sset2 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379>
