go 单元测试

基础测试

基本满足预期的功能,简单快速,可用于测试驱动开发

表格测试

特意构建的一组输入,包含关注点,特别是边界条件是否满足

随机测试

随机输入扩展测试的覆盖范围.预期的结果的获得.

算法清晰但性能不佳的函数来得到可信结果,再和被测试函数的输出比较构建符合特定规律的输入,就能知道结果,再和被测函数的输出比较

例子

源码文件

//fib.go package main // func FibRaw(x int) int { if x == 0 { return 0 } else if x <= 2 { return 1 } else { return FibRaw(x-2) + FibRaw(x-1) } } // var cache = make(map[int]int) func FibCache(x int) int { if val, found := cache[x]; found { return val } var ret int if x == 0 { ret = 0 } else if x <= 2 { ret = 1 } else { ret = FibCache(x-2) + FibCache(x-1) } cache[x] = ret return ret }

测试文件

//fib_test.go package main import ( "math/rand" "testing" "time" ) //test //基础测试 func TestFibCacheBasic(t *testing.T) { input := 5 want := 5 got := FibCache(input) if got != want { t.Errorf("fibMen(%v) = %v,want %v", input, got, want) } } //表格测试 func TestFibCacheTable(t *testing.T) { var tests = []struct { input int want int }{ {0, 0}, {1, 1}, {2, 1}, {3, 2}, {4, 3}, {5, 5}, {6, 8}, } for _, test := range tests { if got := FibCache(test.input); got != test.want { t.Errorf("fibMen(%v) = %v,want %v", test.input, got, test.want) } } } //随机测试 func TestFibCacheRandom(t *testing.T) { seed := time.Now().UTC().UnixNano() rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed)) for i := 0; i < 100; i++ { input := rng.Intn(40) got := FibCache(input) want := FibRaw(input) if got != want { t.Errorf("fibMen(%v) = %v,want %v", input, got, want) } } }

运行测试

运行全部测试用例,用 . 模式匹配所有功能测试用例

$ go test -v -run=. === RUN TestFibCacheBasic --- PASS: TestFibCacheBasic (0.00s) === RUN TestFibCacheTable --- PASS: TestFibCacheTable (0.00s) === RUN TestFibCacheRandom --- PASS: TestFibCacheRandom (2.21s) PASS ok _/mnt/i/github.com/fuwensun_blog_dev/go_bench_test/src/fib 2.267s

运行某一类测试用例,比如 Basic 或 Table 耗时短的

$ go test -v -run="Basic|Table" === RUN TestFibCacheBasic --- PASS: TestFibCacheBasic (0.00s) === RUN TestFibCacheTable --- PASS: TestFibCacheTable (0.00s) PASS ok _/mnt/i/github.com/fuwensun_blog_dev/go_bench_test/src/fib 0.082s

Randrom 耗时长,有时间了单独运行

$ go test -v -run=Random === RUN TestFibCacheRandom --- PASS: TestFibCacheRandom (3.31s) PASS ok _/mnt/i/github.com/fuwensun_blog_dev/go_bench_test/src/fib 3.387s

查看本次测试覆盖率

$ go test -cover PASS coverage: 34.1% of statements ok _/mnt/i/github.com/fuwensun_blog_dev/go_bench_test/src/fib 4.145s

覆盖率分析

运行测试并生成覆盖率分析日志

$ go test -v -run=Random -coverprofile=cover.out === RUN TestFibCacheRandom --- PASS: TestFibCacheRandom (4.21s) PASS coverage: 34.1% of statements ok _/mnt/i/github.com/fuwensun_blog_dev/go_bench_test/src/fib 4.277s

用 cover 工具处理日志,生成一个 html 报告

$ go tool cover -html=cover.out -o cover.html