Centos7上在线安装docker的方法

xiaoxiao2023-10-16 153

来源地址： https://www.cnblogs.com/yufeng218/p/8370670.html https://blog.csdn.net/lvhao2813/article/details/80168422 Docker从1.13版本之后采用时间线的方式作为版本号，分为社区版CE和企业版EE。

社区版是免费提供给个人开发者和小型团体使用的，企业版会提供额外的收费服务，比如经过官方测试认证过的基础设施、容器、插件等。

社区版按照stable和edge两种方式发布，每个季度更新stable版本，如17.06，17.09；每个月份更新edge版本，如17.09，17.10。

一、安装docker 1、Docker 要求 CentOS 系统的内核版本高于 3.10 ，查看本页面的前提条件来验证你的CentOS 版本是否支持 Docker 。

通过 uname -r 命令查看你当前的内核版本

uname -r 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

2、使用 root 权限登录 Centos。确保 yum 包更新到最新。

sudo yum update

3、卸载旧版本(如果安装过旧版本的话)

sudo yum remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine

4、安装需要的软件包， yum-util 提供yum-config-manager功能，另外两个是devicemapper驱动依赖的

sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

5、设置yum源 //国外yum源

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

//国内yum源

yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

6、可以查看所有仓库中所有docker版本，并选择特定版本安装

yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r [root@testpc ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates|sort -r 已加载插件：fastestmirror 可安装的软件包 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.3.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.2.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.1.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.0.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.3.ce-1.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable * base: mirrors.aliyun.com

最新安装为 docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable 7、安装docker #由于repo中默认只开启stable仓库，故这里安装的是最新稳定版3:18.09.6-3.el7

sudo yum install docker-ce

8、启动并加入开机启动

sudo systemctl start docker sudo systemctl enable docker

9、验证安装是否成功(有client和service两部分表示docker安装启动都成功了)

docker version [root@testpc ~]# docker version Client: Version: 18.09.6 API version: 1.39 Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: 481bc77156 Built: Sat May 4 02:34:58 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 18.09.6 API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: 481bc77 Built: Sat May 4 02:02:43 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false

二、问题 1、因为之前已经安装过旧版本的docker，在安装的时候报错如下：

Transaction check error: file /usr/bin/docker from install of docker-ce-17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package docker-common-2:1.12.6-68.gitec8512b.el7.centos.x86_64 file /usr/bin/docker-containerd from install of docker-ce-17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package docker-common-2:1.12.6-68.gitec8512b.el7.centos.x86_64 file /usr/bin/docker-containerd-shim from install of docker-ce-17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package docker-common-2:1.12.6-68.gitec8512b.el7.centos.x86_64 file /usr/bin/dockerd from install of docker-ce-17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package docker-common-2:1.12.6-68.gitec8512b.el7.centos.x86_64

2、卸载旧版本的包

sudo yum erase docker-common-2:1.12.6-68.gitec8512b.el7.centos.x86_64

3、再次安装docker

sudo yum install docker-ce

三、docker的使用 client是docker客户端。 images是docker镜像 containers是容器 registry是集中存储分发镜像的服务。最常用的Docker Registry是官方的Docker Hub 通过docker images来查看我们有哪些镜像

docker images [root@testpc ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE //一个没有。。我们可以去下载http://hub.docker.com(docker hub)，或者自己打包

搜索docker 镜像

docker search nginx docker search supermap

下载docker 镜像

docker pull nginx docker pull supermap/iserver docker pull busybox

运行docker 镜像

docker run --name test -d -p 8080:80 nginx //验证nginx安装的地址：http://192.168.10.200:8080/ docker run --name supermapiserver -d -p 9090:8090 -v /opt/data:/opt/Data supermap/iserver //验证supermapiserver运行地址：http://192.168.10.200:9090/iserver docker save -o busybox.tar busybox:latest //把下载的busybox镜像存储为本地目录中busybox.tar文件 docker load -i busybox.tar //在内网docker环境下执行以上命令导入镜像包busybox.tar

查看正在运行的docker容器

docker ps docker ps -a //查看所有正在运行的docker容器 [root@testpc ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 562305838d5c nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp test [root@testpc ~]# docker inspect 5623 //获取容器的元数据信息

获取容器的元数据信息

[root@testpc ~]# docker inspect 5623 [ { "Id": "562305838d5c13fbbb83749a303a0e0a09386ee1673f004632284785ed3e6b8c", "Created": "2019-05-25T07:39:30.927845581Z", "Path": "nginx", "Args": [ "-g", "daemon off;" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 45707, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2019-05-25T07:39:31.547590899Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:53f3fd8007f76bd23bf663ad5f5009c8941f63828ae458cef584b5f85dc0a7bf", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/562305838d5c13fbbb83749a303a0e0a09386ee1673f004632284785ed3e6b8c/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/562305838d5c13fbbb83749a303a0e0a09386ee1673f004632284785ed3e6b8c/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/562305838d5c13fbbb83749a303a0e0a09386ee1673f004632284785ed3e6b8c/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/562305838d5c13fbbb83749a303a0e0a09386ee1673f004632284785ed3e6b8c/562305838d5c13fbbb83749a3a0e0a09386ee1673f004632284785ed3e6b8c-json.log", "Name": "/test", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": { "80/tcp": [ { "HostIp": "", "HostPort": "8080" } ] }, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "shareable", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DiskQuota": 0, "KernelMemory": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": 0, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8b99e285baee707937a849193438069ec3d56ea3e01c7c5466414b755705ce8a-init/diff:/var/libocker/overlay2/c0b07503681dcf631f39c46c31153282594e5b083cf3c97b28c77c0ec2d90cf4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9a54ca3f8af5c31d7bcb729875303bab787028a1cce48be3886291007a8e57/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/46fb3626ae0c9d773e5f6a7eee204ae6860d4e42092b2e14374c2689831386a5/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8b99e285baee707937a849193438069ec3d56ea3e01c7c5466414b755705ce8a/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8b99e285baee707937a849193438069ec3d56ea3e01c7c5466414b755705ce8a/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8b99e285baee707937a849193438069ec3d56ea3e01c7c5466414b755705ce8a/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "562305838d5c", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "80/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "NGINX_VERSION=1.15.12-1~stretch", "NJS_VERSION=1.15.12.0.3.1-1~stretch" ], "Cmd": [ "nginx", "-g", "daemon off;" ], "ArgsEscaped": true, "Image": "nginx", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>" }, "StopSignal": "SIGTERM" }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "2effa1cd58de2ed9c84b026538e9d506f50d924deba479409439821896a612fa", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": { "80/tcp": [ { "HostIp": "0.0.0.0", "HostPort": "8080" } ] }, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/2effa1cd58de", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "e89c6ebc8d48ba07dfd88481e294aff2e3ecf72c900a0d1ff1405949c0155123", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "a91af9120bb4c9eb58e11a94c88004bff4076afa3680ab2b7dcac6db5cd560ca", "EndpointID": "e89c6ebc8d48ba07dfd88481e294aff2e3ecf72c900a0d1ff1405949c0155123", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ] [root@testpc ~]#

以命令行方式进入到docker容器中

docker exec -it 5623 bash [root@testpc ~]# docker exec -it 5623 bash root@562305838d5c:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@562305838d5c:/# exit exit [root@testpc ~]#

向docker容器中拷贝文件

docker cp anaconda-ks.cfg 5623:/usr/share/nginx/html/ //拷入文件查看 [root@testpc ~]# docker exec -it 5623 bash root@562305838d5c:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@562305838d5c:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html root@562305838d5c:/usr/share/nginx/html# ls 50x.html anaconda-ks.cfg index.html root@562305838d5c:/usr/share/nginx/html#

停止正在运行的docker容器

docker stop 5623 //查看结果 STATUS为Exited [root@testpc ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 562305838d5c nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 22 minutes ago Exited (0) 24 seconds ago test [root@testpc ~]#

删除正在运行的docker容器

docker rm 5623 //查看结果 [root@testpc ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@testpc ~]#

运行MySQL5.6 docker镜像实例的方法加载mysql5.6 docker镜像和运行docker mysql容器实例

docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 53f3fd8007f7 2 weeks ago 109MB centos/mysql-56-centos7 latest 8ef375298394 12 months ago 407MB docker load -i mysql-56-centos7.tar docker run --name MYSQL56docker -v mysql.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -p 3307:3306 -d 83f3

mysql.cnf文件内容如下：

[client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] skip-grant-tables character-set-server=utf8 default-storage-engine=INNODB collation-server=utf8_general_ci [mysql] default-character-set=utf8

关机后或容器关闭后重启容器的方法：数据还在原处通过 docker ps -a 看到关闭的容器 docker start your_container_name docker attach your_container_name

[root@node114 docker_images]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 52ecb0aa3b1b supermap/iportal "/bin/sh -c /opt/run…" 2 days ago Exited (137) 15 minutes ago iportalserver 9f1c40dd51cf supermap/iserver "/bin/sh -c /opt/run…" 3 days ago Exited (137) 15 minutes ago supermapiserver 712a3f0e5035 8ef3 "container-entrypoin…" 4 days ago Exited (0) 15 minutes ago MYSQL56docker 5c58116a7eb7 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 4 days ago Exited (0) 15 minutes ago test [root@node114 docker_images]# docker start 712a3f0e5035 712a3f0e5035 [root@node114 docker_images]# docker start 52ecb0aa3b1b 52ecb0aa3b1b [root@node114 docker_images]# docker start 9f1c40dd51cf 9f1c40dd51cf [root@node114 docker_images]# docker start 5c58116a7eb7 5c58116a7eb7 [root@node114 docker_images]#

—the—end—

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