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    xiaoxiao2023-10-16  24

    2:show-bytes.c 这个程序是为了测试计算机里面每一个数无论是int型还是float型或者指针型所占的字节数和在每一个字节里面所存储的数据。并且可以从中看出电脑是大端还是小段模式。

    /* show-bytes - prints byte representation of data */ /* $begin show-bytes */ #include <stdio.h> /* $end show-bytes */ #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> /* $begin show-bytes */ typedef unsigned char *byte_pointer; //typedef char *byte_pointer; //typedef int *byte_pointer; void show_bytes(byte_pointer start, size_t len) { size_t i; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) printf("%p\t0x%.2x\n", &start[i], start[i]); printf("\n"); } void show_int(int x) { show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(int)); } void show_float(float x) { show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(float)); } void show_pointer(void *x) { show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(void *)); } /* $end show-bytes */ /* $begin test-show-bytes */ void test_show_bytes(int val) { int ival = val; //float fval = (float) ival; double fval = (double) ival; int *pval = &ival; printf("Stack variable ival = %d\n", ival); printf("(int)ival:\n"); show_int(ival); printf("(float)ival:\n"); show_float(fval); printf("&ival:\n"); show_pointer(pval); } /* $end test-show-bytes */ void simple_show_a() { /* $begin simple-show-a */ int val = 0x87654321; byte_pointer valp = (byte_pointer) &val; show_bytes(valp, 1); /* A. */ show_bytes(valp, 2); /* B. */ show_bytes(valp, 3); /* C. */ /* $end simple-show-a */ } void simple_show_b() { /* $begin simple-show-b */ int val = 0x12345678; byte_pointer valp = (byte_pointer) &val; show_bytes(valp, 1); /* A. */ show_bytes(valp, 2); /* B. */ show_bytes(valp, 3); /* C. */ /* $end simple-show-b */ } void float_eg() { int x = 3490593; float f = (float) x; printf("For x = %d\n", x); show_int(x); show_float(f); x = 3510593; f = (float) x; printf("For x = %d\n", x); show_int(x); show_float(f); } void string_ueg() { /* $begin show-ustring */ const char *s = "ABCDEF"; show_bytes((byte_pointer) s, strlen(s)); /* $end show-ustring */ } void string_leg() { /* $begin show-lstring */ const char *s = "abcdef"; show_bytes((byte_pointer) s, strlen(s)); /* $end show-lstring */ } void show_twocomp() { /* $begin show-twocomp */ short x = 12345; short mx = -x; show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(short)); show_bytes((byte_pointer) &mx, sizeof(short)); /* $end show-twocomp */ } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int val = 12345; if (argc > 1) { val = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0);//strtol函数是为了将其变为长整型。 printf("calling test_show_bytes\n"); test_show_bytes(val); } else { printf("calling show_twocomp\n"); show_twocomp(); printf("Calling simple_show_a\n"); simple_show_a(); printf("Calling simple_show_b\n"); simple_show_b(); printf("Calling float_eg\n"); float_eg(); printf("Calling string_ueg\n"); string_ueg(); printf("Calling string_leg\n"); string_leg(); } return 0; } /*改为:typedef int *byte_pointer的结果 gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/share/csapp_code$ ./a.out 1073741824 calling test_show_bytes Stack variable ival = 1073741824 (int)ival: 0xbfae9b90 0x40000000 0xbfae9b94 0x40000000 0xbfae9b98 0x40000000 0xbfae9b9c 0xb7521940 (float)ival: 0xbfae9b90 0x4e800000 0xbfae9b94 0x40000000 0xbfae9b98 0x40000000 0xbfae9b9c 0x4e800000 &ival: 0xbfae9b90 0xbfae9ba0 0xbfae9b94 0x40000000 0xbfae9b98 0x40000000 0xbfae9b9c 0x4e800000 */

    调用这几个函数,从而得到结果:

    /*不带参数的运行结果 calling show_twocomp 0xbfa18b4c 0x39 0xbfa18b4d 0x30 0xbfa18b4e 0xc7 0xbfa18b4f 0xcf Calling simple_show_a 0xbfa18b48 0x21 0xbfa18b48 0x21 0xbfa18b49 0x43 0xbfa18b48 0x21 0xbfa18b49 0x43 0xbfa18b4a 0x65 Calling simple_show_b 0xbfa18b48 0x78 0xbfa18b48 0x78 0xbfa18b49 0x56 0xbfa18b48 0x78 0xbfa18b49 0x56 0xbfa18b4a 0x34 Calling float_eg For x = 3490593 0xbfa18b30 0x21 0xbfa18b31 0x43 0xbfa18b32 0x35 0xbfa18b33 0x00 0xbfa18b30 0x84 0xbfa18b31 0x0c 0xbfa18b32 0x55 0xbfa18b33 0x4a For x = 3510593 0xbfa18b30 0x41 0xbfa18b31 0x91 0xbfa18b32 0x35 0xbfa18b33 0x00 0xbfa18b30 0x04 0xbfa18b31 0x45 0xbfa18b32 0x56 0xbfa18b33 0x4a Calling string_ueg 0x8048940 0x41 0x8048941 0x42 0x8048942 0x43 0x8048943 0x44 0x8048944 0x45 0x8048945 0x46 Calling string_leg 0x8048947 0x61 0x8048948 0x62 0x8048949 0x63 0x804894a 0x64 0x804894b 0x65 0x804894c 0x66

    之后各个函数自动运行,将函数内的数据用show_bytes函数将每一个字节的地址和16进制的每个字节里面存放的数据打印出来。

    2:当含有参数时,就执行if语句的前半段:

    val = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0); printf("calling test_show_bytes\n"); test_show_bytes(val);

    运行这个函数得到结果为:

    gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/share/csapp_code$ ./a.out 1073741824 calling test_show_bytes Stack variable ival = 1073741824 (int)ival: 0xbfd40020 0x00 0xbfd40021 0x00 0xbfd40022 0x00 0xbfd40023 0x40 (float)ival: 0xbfd40020 0x00 0xbfd40021 0x00 0xbfd40022 0x80 0xbfd40023 0x4e &ival: 0xbfd40020 0x34 0xbfd40021 0x00 0xbfd40022 0xd4 0xbfd40023 0xbf

    这个函数将一个int型的数据变为double型和指针型,再调用其他的函数将对应的地址和字节数据打印出来。

    在代码里面还有这样三个语句:

    typedef unsigned char *byte_pointer; //typedef char *byte_pointer; //typedef int *byte_pointer;

    这几个语句定义了byte_pointer的数据类型,当改为下面两个时,结果为:

    /*改为:typedef int *byte_pointer的结果 gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/share/csapp_code$ ./a.out 1073741824 calling test_show_bytes Stack variable ival = 1073741824 (int)ival: 0xbfae9b90 0x40000000 0xbfae9b94 0x40000000 0xbfae9b98 0x40000000 0xbfae9b9c 0xb7521940 (float)ival: 0xbfae9b90 0x4e800000 0xbfae9b94 0x40000000 0xbfae9b98 0x40000000 0xbfae9b9c 0x4e800000 &ival: 0xbfae9b90 0xbfae9ba0 0xbfae9b94 0x40000000 0xbfae9b98 0x40000000 0xbfae9b9c 0x4e800000 改为:typedef char *byte_pointer的结果 gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/share/csapp_code$ ./a.out 1073741824 calling test_show_bytes Stack variable ival = 1073741824 (int)ival: 0xbfbe3150 0x00 0xbfbe3151 0x00 0xbfbe3152 0x00 0xbfbe3153 0x40 (float)ival: 0xbfbe3150 0x00 0xbfbe3151 0x00 0xbfbe3152 0xffffff80 0xbfbe3153 0x4e &ival: 0xbfbe3150 0x60 0xbfbe3151 0x31 0xbfbe3152 0xffffffbe 0xbfbe3153 0xffffffbf */ /*calling test_show_bytes Stack variable ival = 15213 (int)ival: 0x7fff2b9ed9cc 0x6d 0x7fff2b9ed9cd 0x3b 0x7fff2b9ed9ce 0x00 0x7fff2b9ed9cf 0x00 (float)ival: 0x7fff2b9ed9cc 0x00 0x7fff2b9ed9cd 0xb4 0x7fff2b9ed9ce 0x6d 0x7fff2b9ed9cf 0x46 &ival: 0x7fff2b9ed9c8 0xfc 0x7fff2b9ed9c9 0xd9 0x7fff2b9ed9ca 0x9e 0x7fff2b9ed9cb 0x2b 0x7fff2b9ed9cc 0xff 0x7fff2b9ed9cd 0x7f 0x7fff2b9ed9ce 0x00 0x7fff2b9ed9cf 0x00 */

    改变这个定义就是改变了start[i]的寻址的字节大小,所以每次寻址时的字节都会改变,并且当超过表示范围的时候,就会进行补位。

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