静态路由配置(思科)

xiaoxiao2023-11-30 160

配置静态路由

路由器可以将不同网段之间的网络连接到一起，当路由器接收到数据包后要查看数据包中的目标IP，再检查自己的路由表，如果路由表中有和目标IP相匹配的路由条目，路由器才能将数据包按照该路由条目所指定的端口转发出去，实现不同网络之间的通信，那么路由器中的路由表是如何实现的呢？配置了路由器接口IP并为UP状态路由表中自动生成直连路由，对于非直连的路由，需通过静态路由管理员手工添加或通过配置动态路自动学习。配置静态路由配置浮动静态路由配置缺省路由网络环境及IP地址规划，如图-1所示。图－１本例中的配置练习采用思科模拟器 —— Cisco Packet Tracer 6.0，Route采用2621路由器实现。 步骤实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：配置静态路由

1）R1上配置接口IP

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown

2)R2上配置接口IP

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutdown R2config-if)#exit R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutdown

3）R1上添加静态路由

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

4）R1上查看路由表

5）R2上添加静态路由

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1

6）R2上查看路由条目

R2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1 //S表示静态路由 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

7）配置PC1的IP地址为192.168.1.1，网关为192.168.1.254 8）配置PC2的IP地址为192.168.3.1，网关为192.168.3.254 9）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.3.1

PC>ping 192.168.3.1 Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126 Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 8ms

步骤二：配置浮动静态路由

1）在以上静态路由实验的基础上，先分别进入R1与R2的特权模式输入write命令保存配置信息，然后分别进入R1与R2的物理配置界面，点击开关按钮关闭路由器，添加NM-1FE-TX模块并再次点击开关按钮，如下图-2所示。

图－2 2）添加模块后将R1的F1/0接口连接到R2的F1/0接口修改拓扑如下图-3所示：

图－3 3）配置R1的F1/0接口IP

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown

4）配置R2的F1/0接口IP

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutdown

5）R1上添加静态浮动路由

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.2 50 //管理距离50

6）R2上添加静态浮动路由

R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.1 50 //管理距离50

7）R1上查看路由表

R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 R1#show ip rou R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //只有下一跳为192.168.2.2的静态路由 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

8）禁用F/01接口

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 R1(config-if)#shutdown

9)R1上查看路由表

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 S 192.168.3.0/24 [50/0] via 192.168.4.2//下一跳接口为192.168.4.2的路由生效 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

10）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.3.1

PC>ping 192.168.3.1 Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126 Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 5ms

步骤三：配置缺省路由

1）网络环境及IP地址规划，如图-4所示图－4 2)R1上配置接口IP

Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown

3)R2上配置接口IP

R2(config)#interface f0/1 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutdown R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutdown 4)R3上配置接口IP R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shutdown R3(config-if)#exit R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0 R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shutdown

5）R1、R2、R3上分别添加静态路由

R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1 R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

6）R1上查看路由表

7）R2上查看路由表

R2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1 //静态路由 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2 //静态路由

8）R3上查看路由表

R3#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //静态路由 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //静态路由 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

9）按图-4配置PC的IP地址 10）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.2.2、192.168.3.1、192.168.3.2、192.168.4.1

PC>ping 192.168.2.2 //ping 192.168.2.2 Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254 Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms PC>ping 192.168.3.1 //ping 192.168.3.1 Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254 Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 3ms, Average = 0ms PC>ping 192.168.3.2 //ping 192.168.3.2 Pinging 192.168.3.2 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=253 Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=253 Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=253 Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=253 Ping statistics for 192.168.3.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 12ms, Average = 6ms PC>ping 192.168.4.1 //ping 192.168.4.1 Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=125 Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 22ms, Average = 8ms

11）R1、R3取消静态路由

R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 12）R1、R3添加默认路由 R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2 R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1

13）R1上查看路由表

14）R3上查看路由表

R3#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //默认路由

15）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.4.1

PC>ping 192.168.4.1 Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125 Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125 Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 14ms, Average = 7ms

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