Oracle 手动建库

xiaoxiao2024-01-07 148

Oracle在创建实例的时候，多数采用的是dbca的形式。。其实手动建库可以提供更大的自由发挥的空间，根据情况进行定制

登录Oracle用户指定SID（Instance Identifier） export ORACLE_SID=OCM 确保必须的环境变量已经设置，大多数平台上 ORACLE_SID 和 ORACLE_HOME 必须设置

export ORACLE_SID=OCMexport ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

选择 DBA 的认证方式

密码文件： password file操作系统认证在 ORACLE_HOME/dbs 下创建静态参数文件（Initialization Parameter File）也就是initSID文件（Sample Initialization Parameter File）提前把init文件中的文件夹建好替换<ORACLE_BASE> db_name='ORCL' memory_target=1G processes = 150 audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/orcl/adump' audit_trail ='db' db_block_size=8192 db_domain='' db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area' db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)' open_cursors=300 remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' control_files = (ora_control1, ora_control2) compatible ='11.2.0'

连上实例（Instance）

密码文件：

$ sqlplus /nolog SQL> CONNECT SYS AS SYSDBA 如果没有创建口令文件，随意数据密码均能连接

操作系统认证：

$ sqlplus /nolog SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA 创建SPFILE

SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE;

启动实例到NOMOUNT

SQL> startup nomount;ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytesFixed Size 2235208 bytesVariable Size 616563896 bytesDatabase Buffers 444596224 bytesRedo Buffers 5541888 bytes

执行创建数据库的语句（提前建好文件夹）

替换密码sys_password替换UNDO表空间的名称CREATE DATABASE ORCL USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03a.log','/u02/logs/orcl/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512

MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 MAXDATAFILES 100 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 --或者NATIONAL CHARACTER SET UTF8 --选用NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8会报错 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE

UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; 创建数据字典视图

用 SYSDBA 权限执行@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql用 SYSTEM 用户执行@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

至此数据库安装完毕

查看数据库状态

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE

READ WRITE

1 row selected.

删除数据库

SQL> startup nomount;ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytesFixed Size 2235208 bytesVariable Size 620758200 bytesDatabase Buffers 440401920 bytesRedo Buffers 5541888 bytesSQL> alter database mount exclusive;

Database altered.

SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> drop database;

Database dropped.

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

通过DBCA创建数据库

登录oracle用户

输入 dbca 进行安装

过程略打开闪回和归档。闪回模式允许我们回到数据库的更早的时刻。 sqlplus / as sysdba alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile alter system set db_recovery_file_desc_size=2G SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE; STARTUP MOUNT; ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG; ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK ON; ALTER DATABASE OPEN; 检查设置 sqlplus / as sysdba SELECT NAME, LOG_MODE, FLASHBACK_ON FROM V$DATABASE;

详细参考 oracle 官方文档 -> Oracle Database Administrator's Guide -> Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database -> Creating a Database with the CREATE DATABASE Statement