第一次听说这个插件还是在偶然的情况下看到别人的博客,听说了这个插件的大名。本来打算在实训期间来完成安装的,无奈网实在不给力,也就拖到了回家的时候。在开始准备工作的时候就了解到这个插件不是很容易安装,安装的时候果然名不虚传。(关于这方面的内容,请查看另一篇文章)不过,有付出总有回报,安装之后用上这个插件,真心为这个插件的强大所折服。
那这个插件有何不同?
总所周知,Vim是一款文本编辑器。也就是说,其最基础的工作就是编辑文本,而不管该文本的内容是什么。在Vim被程序员所使用后,其慢慢的被肩负了与IDE一样的工作,文本自动补全(ie,acp,omnicppcompleter),代码检查(Syntastic)等等工作。
针对文本自动补全这个功能来说,主要有两种实现方式。
基于文本
我们常用的omnicppcompleter,acp,vim自带的c-x, c-n的实现方式就是基于文本。更通俗的说法,其实就是一个字:
其通过文本进行一些正则表达式的匹配,再根据生成的tags(利用ctags生成)来实现自动补全的效果。
基于语义
顾名思义,其是通过分析源文件,经过语法分析以后进行补全。由于对源文件进行分析,基于语义的补全可以做到很精确。但是这显然是vim所不可能支持的。而且经过这么多年发展,由于语法分析有很高的难度,也一直没有合适的工具出现。直到,由apple支持的clang/llvm横空出世。YouCompleteMe也正是在clang/llvm的基础上进行构建的。
对于其他的语言,会调用vim设置的omnifunc来匹配,因此同样支持php,ruby等语言。
已知的有
javascript —-tern_for_vim ruby/java —-eclim说完了那么多好处,就要说到安装了。不同于以往其他vim插件,YCM是一款编译型的插件。在下载完后,需要手动编译后才能使用。对应其他的插件来说,仅仅就是把。vim的文件丢到相应文件夹下就可以。而这也加大了使用YCM的难度。
在.vimrc中添加下列代码
Bundle 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'保存退出后打开vim,在正常模式下输入
:BundleInstall等待vundle将YouCompleteMe安装完成
而后进行编译安装:
cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe./install --clang-completer如果不需要c-family的补全,可以去掉--clang-completer。如果需要c#的补全,请加上--omnisharp-completer。
正常来说,YCM会去下载clang的包,如果已经有,也可以用系统--system-libclang。
就这样,安装结束。打开vim,如果没有提示YCM未编译,则说明安装已经成功了。
安装的脚本并不是什么时候都好用,至少对我来说是这样的。安装完之后出现了问题,参考issue#809。
在用:BundleInstall安装完成或者使用
git clone --recursive https://github.com/Valloric/YouCompleteMe.git获取最新的仓库,而后使用git submodule update --init --recursive确认仓库的完整性后,开始安装流程。
下载最新的clang二进制文件 YCM要求clang版本 > 3.2,一般来说都是下载最新的。安装python-dev。(ubuntu下使用sudo apt-get install python-dev,mac下默认提供,否则请安装command line tools)编译
cd ~ mkdir ycm_build cd ycm_build cmake -G "Unix Makefiles"-DPATH_TO_LLVM_ROOT=~/ycm_temp/llvm_root_dir .~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp make ycm_support_libs这里需要注意的是,~/ycm_temp/llvm_root_dir中包含的是根据第一步下载的压缩包解压出来的内容(包括include, bin等等文件)
这样就完成了,开始感受YCM提供的完全不逊色于大型IDE所提供的自动补全功能吧。
不同于很多vim插件,YCM首先需要编译,另外还需要有配置。在vim启动后,YCM会找寻当前路径以及上层路径的.ycm_extra_conf.py。在~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py中提供了默认的模板。也可以参考我的(就在模板上改改而已)。不过这个解决了标准库提示找不到的问题。
一般来说,我会在~目录下放一个默认的模板,而后再根据不同的项目在当前目录下再拷贝个.ycm_extra_conf.py。
# This file is NOT licensed under the GPLv3, which is the license for the rest# of YouCompleteMe.## Here's the license text for this file:## This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.## Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or# distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled# binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any# means.## In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors# of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the# software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit# of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and# successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of# relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this# software under copyright law.## THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.## For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>import osimport ycm_core# These are the compilation flags that will be used in case there's no# compilation database set (by default, one is not set).# CHANGE THIS LIST OF FLAGS. YES, THIS IS THE DROID YOU HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR.flags = ['-Wall','-Wextra',#'-Werror',#'-Wc++98-compat','-Wno-long-long','-Wno-variadic-macros','-fexceptions','-stdlib=libc++',# THIS IS IMPORTANT! Without a "-std=<something>" flag, clang won't know which# language to use when compiling headers. So it will guess. Badly. So C++# headers will be compiled as C headers. You don't want that so ALWAYS specify# a "-std=<something>".# For a C project, you would set this to something like 'c99' instead of# 'c++11'.'-std=c++11',# ...and the same thing goes for the magic -x option which specifies the# language that the files to be compiled are written in. This is mostly# relevant for c++ headers.# For a C project, you would set this to 'c' instead of 'c++'.'-x','c++','-I','.','-isystem','/usr/include','-isystem','/usr/local/include','-isystem','/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include','-isystem','/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1',]# Set this to the absolute path to the folder (NOT the file!) containing the# compile_commands.json file to use that instead of 'flags'. See here for# more details: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html## Most projects will NOT need to set this to anything; you can just change the# 'flags' list of compilation flags. Notice that YCM itself uses that approach.compilation_database_folder = ''if os.path.exists( compilation_database_folder ): database = ycm_core.CompilationDatabase( compilation_database_folder )else: database = NoneSOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cpp', '.cxx', '.cc', '.c', '.m', '.mm' ]def DirectoryOfThisScript(): return os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath( __file__ ) )def MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, working_directory ): if not working_directory: return list( flags ) new_flags = [] make_next_absolute = False path_flags = [ '-isystem', '-I', '-iquote', '--sysroot=' ] for flag in flags: new_flag = flag if make_next_absolute: make_next_absolute = False if not flag.startswith( '/' ): new_flag = os.path.join( working_directory, flag ) for path_flag in path_flags: if flag == path_flag: make_next_absolute = True break if flag.startswith( path_flag ): path = flag[ len( path_flag ): ] new_flag = path_flag + os.path.join( working_directory, path ) break if new_flag: new_flags.append( new_flag ) return new_flagsdef IsHeaderFile( filename ): extension = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 1 ] return extension in [ '.h', '.hxx', '.hpp', '.hh' ]def GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename ): # The compilation_commands.json file generated by CMake does not have entries # for header files. So we do our best by asking the db for flags for a # corresponding source file, if any. If one exists, the flags for that file # should be good enough. if IsHeaderFile( filename ): basename = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 0 ] for extension in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS: replacement_file = basename + extension if os.path.exists( replacement_file ): compilation_info = database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( replacement_file ) if compilation_info.compiler_flags_: return compilation_info return None return database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ): if database: # Bear in mind that compilation_info.compiler_flags_ does NOT return a # python list, but a "list-like" StringVec object compilation_info = GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename ) if not compilation_info: return None final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( compilation_info.compiler_flags_, compilation_info.compiler_working_dir_ ) # NOTE: This is just for YouCompleteMe; it's highly likely that your project # does NOT need to remove the stdlib flag. DO NOT USE THIS IN YOUR # ycm_extra_conf IF YOU'RE NOT 100% SURE YOU NEED IT. #try: # final_flags.remove( '-stdlib=libc++' ) #except ValueError: # pass else: relative_to = DirectoryOfThisScript() final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, relative_to ) return { 'flags': final_flags, 'do_cache': True }YCM除了提供了基本的补全功能,自动提示错误的功能外,还提供了类似tags的功能:
跳转到定义GoToDefinition 跳转到声明GoToDeclaration 以及两者的合体GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration可以在.vimrc中配置相应的快捷键。
nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleterGoToDeclaration<CR>nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleterGoToDefinition<CR>nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleterGoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>另外,YCM也提供了丰富的配置选项,同样在.vimrc中配置。具体请参考
let g:ycm_error_symbol ='>>'let g:ycm_warning_symbol ='>*'同时,YCM可以打开location-list来显示警告和错误的信息:YcmDiags。个人关于ycm的配置如下:
" for ycmlet g:ycm_error_symbol = '>>'let g:ycm_warning_symbol = '>*'nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR>nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR>nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>nmap <F4> :YcmDiags<CR>YCM提供的跳跃功能采用了vim的jumplist,往前跳和往后跳的快捷键为Ctrl+O以及Ctrl+I。
YouCompleteMe是我用过的最爽的一个自动补全的插件了。之前使用acp时,遇到大文件基本上就卡死了,以至于都不怎么敢使用。由于YCM使用的时C/S结构,部分使用vim脚本编写,部分认为原生代码,使得跑起来速度飞快。
抛弃Vim自带的坑爹的补全吧,抛弃ctags吧,抛弃cscope吧,YCM才是终极的补全神器。
在安装过程中,我也遇到了不少的坑。一会会发一篇解决这些坑的文章。
最后祝大家码年顺利,一码平川,码到功成。
本文来自云栖社区合作伙伴“Linux中国”,原文发布日期:2015-09-29
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