1）常量使用
public enum EnumTest { ONE,TWO }2）自定义函数使用
public enum EnumTest { ONE("ONE","1"),TWO("TWO","2"); private String key; private String value; private EnumTest(String key, String value) { this.key = key; this.value = value; } public String getKey() { return key; } public void setKey(String key) { this.key = key; } public String getValue() { return value; } public void setValue(String value) { this.value = value; } }枚举类，会在编译时自动继承java.lang.Enum类；
Enum是所有 Java 语言枚举类型的公共基本类（注意Enum是抽象类），以下是它的常见方法：
返回类型方法名称方法说明intcompareTo(E o)比较此枚举与指定对象的顺序booleanequals(Object other)当指定对象等于此枚举常量时，返回 true。Class<?>getDeclaringClass()返回与此枚举常量的枚举类型相对应的 Class 对象Stringname()返回此枚举常量的名称，在其枚举声明中对其进行声明intordinal()返回枚举常量的序数（它在枚举声明中的位置，其中初始常量序数为零）StringtoString()返回枚举常量的名称，它包含在声明中static<T extends Enum<T>> Tstatic valueOf(Class<T> enumType, String name)返回带指定名称的指定枚举类型的枚举常量。1）枚举类编译后会生成一个抽象类，继承java.long.Enum
2) 而枚举中定义的枚举常量，变成了相应的 public static final 属性,而且其类型就抽象类的类型，名字就是枚举常量的名字
3) 使用静态代码块做了如下操作
创建对象: 枚举类 变量 = new 枚举类（）；
创建枚举值存储数组: 枚举类[] $VALUES = new 枚举类[];
存储变量:$VALUES[0] = 变量;
4) 编译器自动添加的values方法，实质是将枚举类的$VALUES强转成数组返回；
5） 编译器自动添加的valueOF方法：这个方法是一个公共的静态方法，所以我们可以直接调用该方法（Operator.valueOf()）,返回参数字符串表示的枚举常量，另外，这个方法的实现是，调用父类 Enum 的 valueOf 方法，并把类型强转成 Operator
常规单例实现方式有：懒汉式、双重验证、内部类
可以用枚举类型实现单例，简洁方便
public enum Singleton { INSTANCE; public void whateverMethod() { } }优点：1.枚举类在被虚拟机加载的时候会保证线程安全的被初始化。
2.Java中有明确规定，枚举的序列化和反序列化是有特殊定制的。
贴源码
/* * Copyright (c) 2003, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */ package java.lang; import java.io.Serializable; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InvalidObjectException; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectStreamException; /** * This is the common base class of all Java language enumeration types. * * More information about enums, including descriptions of the * implicitly declared methods synthesized by the compiler, can be * found in section 8.9 of * <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>. * * <p> Note that when using an enumeration type as the type of a set * or as the type of the keys in a map, specialized and efficient * {@linkplain java.util.EnumSet set} and {@linkplain * java.util.EnumMap map} implementations are available. * * @param <E> The enum type subclass * @author Josh Bloch * @author Neal Gafter * @see Class#getEnumConstants() * @see java.util.EnumSet * @see java.util.EnumMap * @since 1.5 */ public abstract class Enum<E extends Enum<E>> implements Comparable<E>, Serializable { /** * The name of this enum constant, as declared in the enum declaration. * Most programmers should use the {@link #toString} method rather than * accessing this field. */ private final String name; /** * Returns the name of this enum constant, exactly as declared in its * enum declaration. * * <b>Most programmers should use the {@link #toString} method in * preference to this one, as the toString method may return * a more user-friendly name.</b> This method is designed primarily for * use in specialized situations where correctness depends on getting the * exact name, which will not vary from release to release. * * @return the name of this enum constant */ public final String name() { return name; } /** * The ordinal of this enumeration constant (its position * in the enum declaration, where the initial constant is assigned * an ordinal of zero). * * Most programmers will have no use for this field. It is designed * for use by sophisticated enum-based data structures, such as * {@link java.util.EnumSet} and {@link java.util.EnumMap}. */ private final int ordinal; /** * Returns the ordinal of this enumeration constant (its position * in its enum declaration, where the initial constant is assigned * an ordinal of zero). * * Most programmers will have no use for this method. It is * designed for use by sophisticated enum-based data structures, such * as {@link java.util.EnumSet} and {@link java.util.EnumMap}. * * @return the ordinal of this enumeration constant */ public final int ordinal() { return ordinal; } /** * Sole constructor. Programmers cannot invoke this constructor. * It is for use by code emitted by the compiler in response to * enum type declarations. * * @param name - The name of this enum constant, which is the identifier * used to declare it. * @param ordinal - The ordinal of this enumeration constant (its position * in the enum declaration, where the initial constant is assigned * an ordinal of zero). */ protected Enum(String name, int ordinal) { this.name = name; this.ordinal = ordinal; } /** * Returns the name of this enum constant, as contained in the * declaration. This method may be overridden, though it typically * isn't necessary or desirable. An enum type should override this * method when a more "programmer-friendly" string form exists. * * @return the name of this enum constant */ public String toString() { return name; } /** * Returns true if the specified object is equal to this * enum constant. * * @param other the object to be compared for equality with this object. * @return true if the specified object is equal to this * enum constant. */ public final boolean equals(Object other) { return this==other; } /** * Returns a hash code for this enum constant. * * @return a hash code for this enum constant. */ public final int hashCode() { return super.hashCode(); } /** * Throws CloneNotSupportedException. This guarantees that enums * are never cloned, which is necessary to preserve their "singleton" * status. * * @return (never returns) */ protected final Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { throw new CloneNotSupportedException(); } /** * Compares this enum with the specified object for order. Returns a * negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object is less * than, equal to, or greater than the specified object. * * Enum constants are only comparable to other enum constants of the * same enum type. The natural order implemented by this * method is the order in which the constants are declared. */ public final int compareTo(E o) { Enum<?> other = (Enum<?>)o; Enum<E> self = this; if (self.getClass() != other.getClass() && // optimization self.getDeclaringClass() != other.getDeclaringClass()) throw new ClassCastException(); return self.ordinal - other.ordinal; } /** * Returns the Class object corresponding to this enum constant's * enum type. Two enum constants e1 and e2 are of the * same enum type if and only if * e1.getDeclaringClass() == e2.getDeclaringClass(). * (The value returned by this method may differ from the one returned * by the {@link Object#getClass} method for enum constants with * constant-specific class bodies.) * * @return the Class object corresponding to this enum constant's * enum type */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public final Class<E> getDeclaringClass() { Class<?> clazz = getClass(); Class<?> zuper = clazz.getSuperclass(); return (zuper == Enum.class) ? (Class<E>)clazz : (Class<E>)zuper; } /** * Returns the enum constant of the specified enum type with the * specified name. The name must match exactly an identifier used * to declare an enum constant in this type. (Extraneous whitespace * characters are not permitted.) * * <p>Note that for a particular enum type {@code T}, the * implicitly declared {@code public static T valueOf(String)} * method on that enum may be used instead of this method to map * from a name to the corresponding enum constant. All the * constants of an enum type can be obtained by calling the * implicit {@code public static T[] values()} method of that * type. * * @param <T> The enum type whose constant is to be returned * @param enumType the {@code Class} object of the enum type from which * to return a constant * @param name the name of the constant to return * @return the enum constant of the specified enum type with the * specified name * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified enum type has * no constant with the specified name, or the specified * class object does not represent an enum type * @throws NullPointerException if {@code enumType} or {@code name} * is null * @since 1.5 */ public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T> enumType, String name) { T result = enumType.enumConstantDirectory().get(name); if (result != null) return result; if (name == null) throw new NullPointerException("Name is null"); throw new IllegalArgumentException( "No enum constant " + enumType.getCanonicalName() + "." + name); } /** * enum classes cannot have finalize methods. */ protected final void finalize() { } /** * prevent default deserialization */ private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { throw new InvalidObjectException("can't deserialize enum"); } private void readObjectNoData() throws ObjectStreamException { throw new InvalidObjectException("can't deserialize enum"); } }注意：
1）枚举类有属性name和ordinal；
2）values（）和valueOf（）的实现；
1）上面的源码中可以看到 equals 被重写了。
2）枚举类参考常量比较，独一无二的
在序列化的时候Java仅仅是将枚举对象的name属性输出到结果中，反序列化的时候则是通过java.lang.Enum的valueOf方法来根据名字查找枚举对象。
编译器是不允许任何对这种序列化机制的定制的，因此禁用了writeObject、readObject、readObjectNoData、writeReplace和readResolve等方法。
public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T> enumType, String name) { T result = enumType.enumConstantDirectory().get(name); if (result != null) return result; if (name == null) throw new NullPointerException("Name is null"); throw new IllegalArgumentException( "No enum constant " + enumType.getCanonicalName() + "." + name); }从代码中可以看到，代码会尝试从调用enumType这个Class对象的enumConstantDirectory()方法返回的map中获取名字为name的枚举对象，如果不存在就会抛出异常。再进一步跟到enumConstantDirectory()方法，就会发现到最后会以反射的方式调用enumType这个类型的values()静态方法，也就是上面我们看到的编译器为我们创建的那个方法，然后用返回结果填充enumType这个Class对象中的enumConstantDirectory属性。
所以，JVM对序列化有保证。
以前的所有的单例模式都有一个比较大的问题，就是一旦实现了Serializable接口之后，就不再是单例得了，因为，每次调用 readObject()方法返回的都是一个新创建出来的对象
但是，为了保证枚举类型像Java规范中所说的那样，每一个枚举类型极其定义的枚举变量在JVM中都是唯一的，在枚举类型的序列化和反序列化上，Java做了特殊的规定。
1）当我们使用enum来定义一个枚举类型的时候，编译器会自动帮我们创建一个final类型的类继承Enum类,所以枚举类型不能被继承
2）所有属性都是static修饰的
3）当一个Java类第一次被真正使用到的时候静态资源被初始化、Java类的加载和初始化过程都是线程安全的。
所以，创建一个enum类型是线程安全的。
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