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    3. Hadoop分布式 Hive 搭建

    Hadoop分布式 Hive 搭建

    xiaoxiao2025-04-21  6

    说明： Hive 搭建需要借助 MySQL 存储元数据，因此要安装 MySQL 具体参考： MySQL 安装 Hive 是建立在 Hadoop 上的，因此需要先搭建 Hadoop 具体参考：Hadoop 搭建

    注意：Hive只需在Hadoop集群的NameNode节点上安装即可，无需在DataNode节点上安装

    下载并解压hive安装包到 /opt 目录下 改变所属用户为当前用户

    下载地址

    [qgn@qq1 opt]$ sudo mv apache-hive-2.3.5-bin hive-2.3.5 [qgn@qq1 opt]$ ll 总用量 0 drwxr-xr-x. 11 qgn qgn 173 5月 24 11:14 hadoop-2.9.2 drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 184 5月 24 15:26 hive-2.3.5 [qgn@qq1 opt]$ sudo chown -R qgn:qgn hive-2.3.5 [qgn@qq1 opt]$ ll 总用量 0 drwxr-xr-x. 11 qgn qgn 173 5月 24 11:14 hadoop-2.9.2 drwxr-xr-x. 10 qgn qgn 184 5月 24 15:26 hive-2.3.5 [qgn@qq1 opt]$ ls

    配置环境变量

    将下面三行加入到 /etc/profile 文件末尾 source /etc/profile 使配置文件生效

    export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hive-2.3.5 export HIVE_CONF_DIR=$HIVE_HOME/conf export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

    在HDFS中创建Hive所需目录 并授权，用于存储文件

    [qgn@qq1 hive-2.3.5]$ hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse [qgn@qq1 hive-2.3.5]$ hdfs dfs -chmod -R 777 /user/hive/warehouse [qgn@qq1 hive-2.3.5]$ hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /tmp/hive [qgn@qq1 hive-2.3.5]$ hdfs dfs -chmod -R 777 /tmp/hive [qgn@qq1 hive-2.3.5]$ hdfs dfs -ls / Found 2 items drwxr-xr-x - qgn supergroup 0 2019-05-24 17:36 /tmp drwxr-xr-x - qgn supergroup 0 2019-05-24 17:35 /user [qgn@qq1 hive-2.3.5]$

    MySQL 的驱动包 下载安装

    下载地址 将 MySQL 的驱动包解压将 mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.jar 拷贝到 /opt/hive-2.3.5/lib 目录下

    [qgn@qq1 ~]$ ls mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.tar.gz [qgn@qq1 ~]$ tar zxf mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.tar.gz [qgn@qq1 ~]$ ls mysql-connector-java-5.1.47 mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.tar.gz [qgn@qq1 ~]$ cd mysql-connector-java-5.1.47/ [qgn@qq1 mysql-connector-java-5.1.47]$ ls build.xml CHANGES COPYING mysql-connector-java-5.1.47-bin.jar mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.jar README README.txt src [qgn@qq1 mysql-connector-java-5.1.47]$ ls build.xml CHANGES COPYING mysql-connector-java-5.1.47-bin.jar mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.jar README README.txt src [qgn@qq1 mysql-connector-java-5.1.47]$ cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib

    配置 文件在 hive-2.3.5/conf/ 下

    将 hive-env.sh.template 复制一份命名为 hive-env.sh 将 hive-default.xml.template 复制一份命名为 hive-site.xml

    [qgn@qq1 opt]$ cd hive-2.3.5/conf/ [qgn@qq1 conf]$ ls beeline-log4j2.properties.template ivysettings.xml hive-default.xml.template llap-cli-log4j2.properties.template hive-env.sh.template llap-daemon-log4j2.properties.template hive-exec-log4j2.properties.template parquet-logging.properties hive-log4j2.properties.template [qgn@qq1 conf]$ cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml [qgn@qq1 conf]$ cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh

    建议修改配置文件用 Notepad++ 可以连接 liunx 更改配置文件 具体参考：https://blog.csdn.net/louniuous/article/details/80220559

    配置 hive-env.sh

    # Set HADOOP_HOME to point to a specific hadoop install directory HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop-2.9.2 # Hive Configuration Directory can be controlled by: export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/hive-2.3.5/conf # Folder containing extra libraries required for hive compilation/execution can be controlled by: export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=/opt/hive-2.3.5/lib

    配置hive-site.xml 文件

    可以看到上面新建的文件使用的是默认配置，此处不许修改

    <property> <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name> <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value> <description>location of default database for the warehouse</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name> <value>/tmp/hive</value> <description>HDFS root scratch dir for Hive jobs which gets created with write all (733) permission. </description> </property>

    搜索所有 ${system:java.io.tmpdir} 替换为本地hive临时文件，我的事 /opt/hive-2.3.5/tmp 搜索所有 ${system:user.name} 替换为hive 所属用户的用户名 我的是 qgn

    配置 MySQL

    属性名称描述javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName数据库的驱动类名称javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL数据库的JDBC连接地址javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName连接数据库所使用的用户名javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword连接数据库所使用的密码

    搜索配置名 javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName ，将对应的 value 修改为MySQL的驱动类名称 com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 搜索配置名 javax.jdo.option.connectionURL ，将对应的 value 修改为MySQL的地址 搜索配置名 javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName，将对应的 value 修改为MySQL数据库登录名 root 搜索配置名 javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword，将对应的 value 修改为MySQL数据库的登录密码 我的是 mysql

    <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name> <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value> <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name> <value>jdbc:mysql://qq1:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&useSSL=false</value> <description> JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore. To use SSL to encrypt/authenticate the connection, provide database-specific SSL flag in the connection URL. For example, jdbc:postgresql://myhost/db?ssl=true for postgres database. </description> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name> <value>root</value> <description>Username to use against metastore database</description> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name> <value>mysql</value> <description>password to use against metastore database</description> </property>

    其他配置

    在hive界面显示当前数据库名字 显示列名

    <property> <name>hive.cli.print.current.db</name> <value>true</value> <description>Whether to include the current database in the Hive prompt.</description> </property> <property> <name>hive.cli.print.header</name> <value>true</value> <description>Whether to print the names of the columns in query output.</description> </property>

    初始化数据库 并启动 hive

    在 bin 目录下执行 schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql 初始化 执行 hive 启动

    [qgn@qq1 bin]$ schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hive-2.3.5/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory] Metastore connection URL: jdbc:mysql://qq1:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true Metastore Connection Driver : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver Metastore connection User: root Starting metastore schema initialization to 2.3.0 Initialization script hive-schema-2.3.0.mysql.sql Initialization script completed schemaTool completed [qgn@qq1 bin]$ hive which: no hbase in (/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/opt/hadoop-2.7.3/bin:/opt/hadoop-2.7.3/sbin:/usr/local/lib64/jdk1.8.0_211/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/home/qgn/.local/bin:/home/qgn/bin:HIVE_HOME/bin:/opt/hive-2.3.5/bin) SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hive-2.3.5/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory] Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/hive-2.3.5/lib/hive-common-2.3.5.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases. hive> create database user_test; OK Time taken: 4.491 seconds hive> use user_test; OK Time taken: 0.032 seconds hive> quit; [qgn@qq1 bin]$
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