PostgreSQL Oracle 兼容性之 - ASCIISTR

    xiaoxiao2026-04-06  9

    背景

    在Oracle中有一个函数asciistr,可以将非ASCII字符转换成UTF-16编码的字符,因此转换后的字符串可以存储在只支持ASCII编码的数据库中。

    ASCIISTR takes as its argument a string, or an expression that resolves to a string, in any character set and returns an ASCII version of the string in the database character set.

    Non-ASCII characters are converted to the form \xxxx, where xxxx represents a UTF-16 code unit.

    例子

    SELECT ASCIISTR('ABÄCDE') FROM DUAL; ASCIISTR(' ---------- AB\00C4CDE

    \00C4即转换后的UTF-16编码,这样整个字符串就可以存储在ASCII编码的数据库中了。

    PostgreSQL ASCIISTR

    了解了ASCIISTR的目的之后,我们就可以在PostgreSQL中实现对非ASCII编码的字符转换了。

    PostgreSQL数据库没有UTF-16字符集,但是它支持UTF-8,UTF-8是变长字符集,支持全球所有的语言字符编码。

    PostgreSQL提供了几个转换函数如下

    postgres=# \df convert* List of functions Schema | Name | Result data type | Argument data types | Type ------------+--------------+------------------+---------------------+-------- pg_catalog | convert | bytea | bytea, name, name | normal pg_catalog | convert_from | text | bytea, name | normal pg_catalog | convert_to | bytea | text, name | normal (3 rows)

    例子,支持来回转换

    postgres=# select convert_to('abc你好中国cde','UTF8'); convert_to ---------------------------------------- \x616263e4bda0e5a5bde4b8ade59bbd636465 (1 row) postgres=# select convert_from(convert_to('abc你好中国cde','UTF8'),'UTF8'); convert_from ---------------- abc你好中国cde (1 row) postgres=# select convert_from('\x616263e4bda0e5a5bde4b8ade59bbd636465', 'UTF8'); convert_from ---------------- abc你好中国cde (1 row)

    方法2,使用textsend函数,这个函数没有编码输入,所以需要设置client_encoding。

    postgres=# set client_encoding='UTF8'; SET postgres=# select textsend('abc你好中国cde'); textsend ---------------------------------------- \x616263e4bda0e5a5bde4b8ade59bbd636465 (1 row) postgres=# set client_encoding='GBK'; SET postgres=# select textsend('abc你好中国cde'); ERROR: character with byte sequence 0xad 0xe5 in encoding "GBK" has no equivalent in encoding "UTF8" LOCATION: report_untranslatable_char, wchar.c:2051 postgres=# select textsend('abc你好cde'); textsend ---------------------------- \x616263e4bda0e5a5bd636465 (1 row)

    PostgreSQL支持的字符编码转换函数在这里

    postgres=# select * from pg_conversion ; conname | connamespace | conowner | conforencoding | contoencoding | conproc | condefault --------------------------------+--------------+----------+----------------+---------------+--------------------------------+------------ ascii_to_mic | 11 | 10 | 0 | 7 | ascii_to_mic | t mic_to_ascii | 11 | 10 | 7 | 0 | mic_to_ascii | t ...... utf8_to_shift_jis_2004 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 41 | utf8_to_shift_jis_2004 | t euc_jis_2004_to_shift_jis_2004 | 11 | 10 | 5 | 41 | euc_jis_2004_to_shift_jis_2004 | t shift_jis_2004_to_euc_jis_2004 | 11 | 10 | 41 | 5 | shift_jis_2004_to_euc_jis_2004 | t (132 rows)

    以上例子把整个字符串都进行了转换,包括一些已经是ASCII的字符也被转换了,转换后长度变长了,如果你要尽量缩小长度怎么办呢?

    如果你要对一个字符串中非ASCII字符转换为bytea,而ASCII字符保持不变,则需要自定义PostgreSQL函数,如下demo

    create or replace function asciistr(str text, encoding text) returns text[] as $$ declare mid text; res text[] := (array[])::text[]; begin foreach mid in array regexp_split_to_array(str, '') loop if ascii(mid)<256 then res := array_append(res, mid); else res := array_append(res, (convert_to(mid,encoding))::text); end if; end loop; return res; end; $$ language plpgsql strict;

    测试

    postgres=# select asciistr('abc中国你好ced', 'UTF8'); asciistr --------------------------------------------------------------- {a,b,c,"\\xe4b8ad","\\xe59bbd","\\xe4bda0","\\xe5a5bd",c,e,d} (1 row)

    你还可以输出字符串,也可以直接输出字符串

    postgres=# select array_to_string(asciistr('abc中国你好ced', 'UTF8'), ''); array_to_string ---------------------------------------- abc\xe4b8ad\xe59bbd\xe4bda0\xe5a5bdced (1 row)

    使用这种方法,在反转换时,也要通过函数来处理。

    create or replace function reverse_asciistr(str text[], encoding text) returns text as $$ declare mid text; res text := ''; begin foreach mid in array str loop if mid ~ '^\\x' then res := concat(res, convert_from(mid::bytea, encoding)); else res := concat(res, mid); end if; end loop; return res; end; $$ language plpgsql strict;

    反转转换举例

    postgres=# select reverse_asciistr(asciistr('abc_12\ab你好\ade中国_1jjr3', 'UTF8'), 'UTF8'); reverse_asciistr ----------------------------- abc_12\ab你好\ade中国_1jjr3 (1 row)

    参考

    https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/static/multibyte.html

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