VirutalBox+Vagrant安装Ubuntu系统-快速搭建lnmp环境

xiaoxiao2022-06-25 225

win10+VirutlBox6.0+Vagrant 2.2.4+Ubuntu 16.04.6+Nginx1.10.3+PHP7.0.33+Mysql5.7.26

本次的安装教程来源：《PHP高性能开发基础、框架与项目实战》

亲测确实挺方便的也可以根据不同需要打造个性化开发环境，另外vagrant确实挺好用，box环境一打包就可以了。

【一】VirtualBox+vagrant搭建Ubuntu系统

【1】远程添加box //我这里使用的是远程官网的box直接用原名即可下载 D:\>vagrant box add ununtu/xenial64 可能需要一段时间下载完毕会看到下面的字样 ==> box: Successfully added box 'ubuntu/xenial64' (v20190516.0.0) for 'virtualbox'! 【2】查看已经添加到box的列表 D:\>vagrant box list ubuntu/xenial64 (virtualbox, 20190516.0.0) 【3】创建虚拟机的系统配置文件创建一个目录，然后执行初始化命令，会生成Vagrantfile配置文件 D:\>cd Vagrant-ubuntu D:\Vagrant-ubuntu>vagrant init ubuntu/xenial64 A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on `vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant. 【4】初始化虚拟机 D:\Vagrant-ubuntu>vagrant up .... ==> default: Mounting shared folders... default: /vagrant => D:/Vagrant-ubuntu 【5】连接虚拟机 D:\Vagrant-ubuntu>vagrant ssh Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-148-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage 0 packages can be updated. 0 updates are security updates. New release '18.04.2 LTS' available. Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it. vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:~$ 【6】查看虚拟机基本信息可以执行df -h命令查看磁盘挂载的信息，其中vagrant目录映射真是的系统中Vagrantfile配置文件所在的目录，可以实现虚拟系统与真实系统的文件共享。 vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:/$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 488M 0 488M 0% /dev tmpfs 100M 3.1M 97M 4% /run /dev/sda1 9.7G 1015M 8.7G 11% / tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup vagrant 179G 2.9G 177G 2% /vagrant tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/1000 【7】设置root密码由于新安装的系统都是没有root密码，这里我们设置一个。 vagrant@ubuntu-xenial:/$ sudo passwd root Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully 【8】安装插件由于VirtualBox设置共享目录时候需要在虚拟机中安装VirtualBox Guest Additions 模块，虽然Vagrant会自动安装，但是因为VirtualBox Guest Additions是VirutalBox的内核模块，当VirtualBox内核升级后，VirtualBox guest additions也会失效，导致挂载目录失败，所以为了解决这个问题，可以安装vagrant-vbguest来解决。这个插件会在虚拟机内核升级后重新安装VirtualBox Guest Additions. D:\Vagrant-ubuntu>vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest Installing the 'vagrant-vbguest' plugin. This can take a few minutes... Installed the plugin 'vagrant-vbguest (0.18.0)'! 【9】修改配置文件 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64" #box名称 config.vm.hostname = "ubuntu" #系统下的主机名 config.vm.network :"forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080 #端口映射 config.vm.network :"private_network", ip: "192.168.10.1"#虚拟机设置IP end 【10】重新加载 D:\Vagrant-ubuntu>vagrant reload

【二】搭建lnmp环境

=========================Nginx=========================== 【1】安装Nginx root@ubuntu-xenial:~# apt-get install -y nginx 【2】查看Nginx的版本号 root@ubuntu-xenial:~# nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu) 【3】启动Nginx nginx version: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu) root@ubuntu-xenial:~# /etc/init.d/nginx start [ ok ] Starting nginx (via systemctl): nginx.service. 【4】访问Ngin页面打开本地浏览器输入虚拟机的ip地址然后可以看到nginx正常工作。 Welcome to nginx! =========================PHP=========================== 【1】查看PHP的版本有哪些 root@ubuntu:~# apt-cache search php 【2】安装PHP7 //更新一下 root@ubuntu:~# apt-get update -y //因为Nginx要依赖PHP-FPM才可以解析PHP脚本，所以要安装php php-fpm root@ubuntu:~# apt-get install -y php7.0 php7.0-fpm //安装完毕后，会自动创建一些配置文件*.ini 【3】查看PHP版本 root@ubuntu:~# php -v PHP 7.0.33-0ubuntu0.16.04.4 (cli) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies with Zend OPcache v7.0.33-0ubuntu0.16.04.4, Copyright (c) 1999-2017, by Zend Technologies 【4】配置PHP-FPM root@ubuntu:~# vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default 在配置文件39行处添加index.php 38 # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP 39 index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html index.php; 在配置文件51行处开启代码注释 51 location ~ \.php$ { 52 include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf; 53 # 54 # # With php7.0-cgi alone: 55 # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 56 # # With php7.0-fpm: 57 fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock; 58 } 【5】检测nginx的配置文件 root@ubuntu:~# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful 【6】确认配置是否监听 root@ubuntu:~# vim /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf 在配置文件大概36行出处 35 ; Note: This value is mandatory. 36 listen = /run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock 37 38 ; Set listen(2) backlog. 【7】重启nginx和PHP-FPM root@ubuntu:~# nginx -s reload root@ubuntu:~# /etc/init.d/php7.0-fpm restart [ ok ] Restarting php7.0-fpm (via systemctl): php7.0-fpm.service. 【8】查看PHP探针信息 root@ubuntu:~# cd /var/www/html/ root@ubuntu:/var/www/html# ls index.nginx-debian.html root@ubuntu:/var/www/html# vim phpinfo.php 在phpinfo.php文件中使用phpinfo()函数然后在浏览器中访问就可以看到下面的信息。 http://192.168.10.100/phpinfo.php PHP Version 7.0.33-0ubuntu0.16.04.4 =========================Mysql=========================== 【1】安装MySQL //下面安装MySQL服务端，客户端，以及PHP7.0对于MySQL的支持依赖 root@ubuntu:~# apt-get install -y mysql-server mysql-client php7.0-mysql 安装过程可能有点慢，途中会要求输入mysqlroot的密码，默认使用root 【2】使用MySQL默认的客户端连接 root@ubuntu:~# mysql -uroot -p 输入密码root Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.7.26-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> 【3】安装phpmyadmin root@ubuntu:~# apt-get install -y phpmyadmin 安装过程中选择默认的就可以，可能途中也会要求输入密码root 【4】创建软连接 //方便访问 root@ubuntu:~# ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/html/mysql =========================配置虚拟站点=========================== 这里我们对PHPmyadmin进行配置虚拟站点新增Nginx虚拟主机配置文件【1】先创建一个目录，用来存放其他虚拟主机的配置文件 root@ubuntu:/etc/nginx# cd root@ubuntu:~# cd /etc/nginx/ root@ubuntu:/etc/nginx# mkdir vhosts root@ubuntu:/etc/nginx# ls conf.d fastcgi_params koi-win nginx.conf scgi_params sites-enabled uwsgi_params win-utf fastcgi.conf koi-utf mime.types proxy_params sites-available snippets vhosts 【2】然后编辑默认的nginx配置文件，最后面添加一行代码引入我们刚才创建的目录 root@ubuntu:/etc/nginx# vim nginx.conf //大概63行添加这行代码 include /etc/nginx/vhosts/*; 【3】在vhost目录下面新增www.mysql.conf文件添加以下配置 server { listen 8080;#监听80端口 root /var/www/html/mysql; #虚拟主机根目录定位到phpmyadmin index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html index.php; server_name www.mysql.com;#虚拟域名 location / { #URL隐藏index.php if ( !-e $request_filename ) { rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 last; break; } } location ~ \.php { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $request_uri; } } 【4】重启Nginx和PHP-fpm后查看效果完成配置后，保存配置文件，重新载入Nginx配置，重启PHP—FPM,然后再浏览器输入http://192.168.10.100:8080 然后就可以使用虚拟站点。 =========================其他=========================== 修改默认时区 //执行下面命令 root@ubuntu:/etc/nginx# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata //然后会出现图形界面，先选择Asia，然后选择Shanghai. Current default time zone: 'Asia/Shanghai' Local time is now: Wed May 22 08:51:34 CST 2019. Universal Time is now: Wed May 22 00:51:34 UTC 2019.

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