依赖收集的目的就是为了当我们修改数据的时候,可以对相关的依赖派发更新。Vue 数据修改派发更新的过程,实际上就是当数据发生变化的时候,触发 setter 逻辑,把在依赖过程中订阅的的所有观察者,也就是 watcher,都触发它们的 update 过程,这个过程会把所有要执行update的watcher推入到队列中,又利用队列做了进一步优化,在 nextTick 后执行所有 watcher 的 run,最后执行它们的回调函数。
同理,先来回顾 setter 部分的逻辑:
/** * Define a reactive property on an Object. */ export function defineReactive ( obj: Object, key: string, val: any, customSetter?: ?Function, shallow?: boolean ) { const dep = new Dep() const property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key) if (property && property.configurable === false) { return } // cater for pre-defined getter/setters const getter = property && property.get const setter = property && property.set if ((!getter || setter) && arguments.length === 2) { val = obj[key] } let childOb = !shallow && observe(val) Object.defineProperty(obj, key, { enumerable: true, configurable: true, // ... set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) { const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val /* eslint-disable no-self-compare */ if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) { return } /* eslint-enable no-self-compare */ if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && customSetter) { customSetter() } if (setter) { setter.call(obj, newVal) } else { val = newVal } childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal) dep.notify() } }) }setter 的逻辑有 2 个关键的点,一个是 childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal),如果 shallow 为 false 的情况,会对新设置的值变成一个响应式对象;另一个是 dep.notify(),通知所有的订阅者。下面看看派发更新的具体过程
当在组件中对响应的数据做了修改,就会触发 setter 的逻辑,最后调用 dep.notify() 方法,它是 Dep 的一个实例方法,定义在 src/core/observer/dep.js 中:
class Dep { // ... notify () { // stabilize the subscriber list first const subs = this.subs.slice() for (let i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) { subs[i].update() } } }这里的逻辑非常简单,遍历所有的 subs,也就是 Watcher 的实例数组,然后调用每一个 watcher 的 update 方法,它的定义在 src/core/observer/watcher.js中:
class Watcher { // ... update () { /* istanbul ignore else */ if (this.computed) { // A computed property watcher has two modes: lazy and activated. // It initializes as lazy by default, and only becomes activated when // it is depended on by at least one subscriber, which is typically // another computed property or a component's render function. if (this.dep.subs.length === 0) { // In lazy mode, we don't want to perform computations until necessary, // so we simply mark the watcher as dirty. The actual computation is // performed just-in-time in this.evaluate() when the computed property // is accessed. this.dirty = true } else { // In activated mode, we want to proactively perform the computation // but only notify our subscribers when the value has indeed changed. this.getAndInvoke(() => { this.dep.notify() }) } } else if (this.sync) { this.run() } else { queueWatcher(this) } } }这里对于 Watcher 的不同状态,会执行不同的逻辑,在一般组件数据更新的场景,会走到最后一个 queueWatcher(this) 的逻辑,queueWatcher 的定义在 src/core/observer/scheduler.js 中:
const queue: Array<Watcher> = [] let has: { [key: number]: ?true } = {} let waiting = false let flushing = false /** * Push a watcher into the watcher queue. * Jobs with duplicate IDs will be skipped unless it's * pushed when the queue is being flushed. */ export function queueWatcher (watcher: Watcher) { const id = watcher.id if (has[id] == null) { has[id] = true if (!flushing) { queue.push(watcher) } else { // if already flushing, splice the watcher based on its id // if already past its id, it will be run next immediately. let i = queue.length - 1 while (i > index && queue[i].id > watcher.id) { i-- } queue.splice(i + 1, 0, watcher) } // queue the flush if (!waiting) { waiting = true nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue) } } }这里引入了一个队列的概念,这也是 Vue 在做派发更新的时候的一个优化的点,它并不会每次数据改变都触发 watcher 的回调,而是把这些 watcher 先添加到一个队列里,然后在 nextTick 后执行 flushSchedulerQueue。这里有几个细节要注意一下,首先用 has 对象保证同一个 Watcher 只添加一次;接着对 flushing 的判断,最后通过 wating 保证对 nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue) 的调用逻辑只有一次,目前就可以理解它是在下一个 tick,也就是异步的去执行 flushSchedulerQueue。接下来我们来看 flushSchedulerQueue 的实现,它的定义在 src/core/observer/scheduler.js 中。
let flushing = false let index = 0 /** * Flush both queues and run the watchers. */ function flushSchedulerQueue () { flushing = true let watcher, id // Sort queue before flush. // This ensures that: // 1. Components are updated from parent to child. (because parent is always // created before the child) // 2. A component's user watchers are run before its render watcher (because // user watchers are created before the render watcher) // 3. If a component is destroyed during a parent component's watcher run, // its watchers can be skipped. queue.sort((a, b) => a.id - b.id) // do not cache length because more watchers might be pushed // as we run existing watchers for (index = 0; index < queue.length; index++) { watcher = queue[index] if (watcher.before) { watcher.before() } id = watcher.id has[id] = null watcher.run() // in dev build, check and stop circular updates. if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && has[id] != null) { circular[id] = (circular[id] || 0) + 1 if (circular[id] > MAX_UPDATE_COUNT) { warn( 'You may have an infinite update loop ' + ( watcher.user ? `in watcher with expression "${watcher.expression}"` : `in a component render function.` ), watcher.vm ) break } } } // keep copies of post queues before resetting state const activatedQueue = activatedChildren.slice() const updatedQueue = queue.slice() resetSchedulerState() // call component updated and activated hooks callActivatedHooks(activatedQueue) callUpdatedHooks(updatedQueue) // devtool hook /* istanbul ignore if */ if (devtools && config.devtools) { devtools.emit('flush') } }这里有几个重要的逻辑要梳理一下
队列排序queue.sort((a, b) => a.id - b.id) 对队列做了从小到大的排序,这么做主要有以下要确保以下几点:
1.组件的更新由父到子;因为父组件的创建过程是先于子的,所以 watcher 的创建也是先父后子,执行顺序也应该保持先父后子。
2.用户的自定义 watcher 要优先于渲染 watcher 执行;因为用户自定义 watcher 是在渲染 watcher 之前创建的。
3.如果一个组件在父组件的 watcher 执行期间被销毁,那么它对应的 watcher 执行都可以被跳过,所以父组件的 watcher 应该先执行。
队列遍历在对 queue 排序后,接着就是要对它做遍历,拿到对应的 watcher,执行 watcher.run()。这里需要注意一个细节,在遍历的时候每次都会对 queue.length 求值,因为在 watcher.run() 的时候,很可能用户会再次添加新的 watcher,这样会再次执行到 queueWatcher,如下:
export function queueWatcher (watcher: Watcher) { const id = watcher.id if (has[id] == null) { has[id] = true if (!flushing) { queue.push(watcher) } else { // if already flushing, splice the watcher based on its id // if already past its id, it will be run next immediately. let i = queue.length - 1 while (i > index && queue[i].id > watcher.id) { i-- } queue.splice(i + 1, 0, watcher) } // ... } }可以看到,这时候 flushing 为 true,就会执行到 else 的逻辑,然后就会从后往前找,找到第一个待插入 watcher 的 id 比当前队列中 watcher 的 id 大的位置。把 watcher 按照 id的插入到队列中,因此 queue 的长度发送了变化。
状态恢复这个过程就是执行 resetSchedulerState 函数,它的定义在 src/core/observer/scheduler.js 中。
const queue: Array<Watcher> = [] let has: { [key: number]: ?true } = {} let circular: { [key: number]: number } = {} let waiting = false let flushing = false let index = 0 /** * Reset the scheduler's state. */ function resetSchedulerState () { index = queue.length = activatedChildren.length = 0 has = {} if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') { circular = {} } waiting = flushing = false }逻辑非常简单,就是把这些控制流程状态的一些变量恢复到初始值,把 watcher 队列清空。接下来我们继续分析 watcher.run() 的逻辑,它的定义在 src/core/observer/watcher.js 中。
class Watcher { /** * Scheduler job interface. * Will be called by the scheduler. */ run () { if (this.active) { this.getAndInvoke(this.cb) } } getAndInvoke (cb: Function) { const value = this.get() if ( value !== this.value || // Deep watchers and watchers on Object/Arrays should fire even // when the value is the same, because the value may // have mutated. isObject(value) || this.deep ) { // set new value const oldValue = this.value this.value = value this.dirty = false if (this.user) { try { cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue) } catch (e) { handleError(e, this.vm, `callback for watcher "${this.expression}"`) } } else { cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue) } } } }run 函数实际上就是执行 this.getAndInvoke 方法,并传入 watcher 的回调函数。getAndInvoke 函数逻辑也很简单,先通过 this.get() 得到它当前的值,然后做判断,如果满足新旧值不等、新值是对象类型、deep 模式任何一个条件,则执行 watcher 的回调,注意回调函数执行的时候会把第一个和第二个参数传入新值 value 和旧值 oldValue,这就是当我们添加自定义 watcher 的时候能在回调函数的参数中拿到新旧值的原因。那么对于渲染 watcher 而言,它在执行 this.get() 方法求值的时候,会执行 getter 方法:
updateComponent = () => { vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating) }所以这就是当修改组件相关的响应式数据的时候,会触发组件重新渲染的原因,接着就会重新执行 patch 的过程,但它和首次渲染有所不同。