mermaid是一款开源的画流程图、甘特图、时序图工具,她提供了一种类似markdown的语法来创建各种图。
官网:https://mermaidjs.github.io/
在线编辑器:here
当撰写文档的时候,对于流程图的生成大多使用Visio等繁重的工具,没有一种轻便的工具能够画图从而简化文档的编写,就像markdown那样。
mermaid解决这个痛点,这是一个类似markdown语法的脚本语言,通过JavaScript实现图表的生成。 先来看个例子:
1.流程图(flowchart)
graph LR; A-->B; A-->C; B-->D; C-->D;生成的图表如下所示:
2. 时序图(sequence diagram)
sequenceDiagram participant Alice participant Bob Alice->John:Hello John, how are you? loop Healthcheck John->John:Fight against hypochondria end Note right of John:Rational thoughts <br/>prevail... John-->Alice:Great! John->Bob: How about you? Bob-->John: Jolly good!生成的图表如下所示:
3.甘特图(gantt diagram)
gantt dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD title Adding GANTT diagram functionality to mermaid section A section Completed task :done, des1, 2014-01-06,2014-01-08 Active task :active, des2, 2014-01-09, 3d future task : des3, after des2, 5d future task2 : des4, after des3, 5d section Critical tasks Completed task in the critical line :crit, done, 2014-01-06,24h Implement parser and json :crit, done, after des1, 2d Create tests for parser :crit, active, 3d Future task in critical line :crit, 5d Create tests for renderer :2d Add to ,mermaid :1d生成的表如下:
下游项目
Mermaid 是由Knut Sveidqbist发起旨在轻便化的文档撰写。所有开发者:开发者列表
Gitbook-pluginLight tableConfluence pluginUsing mermaid via docpadUsing mermaid in JekvllUsing mermaid via OctopressMardown editor HaroopadPlugin for atomMarkdown PlusLightPaper 1.2+Vim Plugin 以上的这些都有集成mermaid或者开发相关的插件。Graph
graph LR A --> B这是申明一个由左到右,水平向右的图。\ 可能方向有: - TB - top bottom - BT - bottom top - RL - right left - LR - left right - TD - same as TB
节点与形状
默认节点
graph LR id1
注意:’id’显示在节点内部。
文本节点
graph LR id[This is the text in the box];圆角节点
graph LR id(This is the text in the box);圆节点(The form of a circle)
graph LR id((This is the text in the circle));非对称节点(asymetric shape)
graph LR id>This is the text in the box]菱形节点(rhombus)
graph LR id{This is the text in the box}连接线
节点间的连接线有多种形状,而且可以在连接线中加入标签:
箭头形连接
graph LR; A-->B;开放行连接
graph LR A --- B标签连接
graph LR A -- This is the label text --- B;箭头标签连接
A–>|text|B\ 或者\ A– text –>B
graph LR A-- text -->B虚线(dotted link,点连线)
-.->
graph LR A-.->B-.-.
graph LR A-.-.B标签虚线
-.text.->
graph LR A-.text.->B粗实线
==>
graph LR A==>B===
graph LR A===B标签粗线
=\=text\==>
graph LR A==text==>B=\=text\===
graph LR A==text===B特殊的语法
使用引号可以抑制一些特殊的字符的使用,可以避免一些不必要的麻烦。
graph LR\ d1[“This is the (text) in the box”]
graph LR d1["This is the (text) in the box"]html字符的转义字符
转义字符的使用语法: 流程图定义如下:
graph LR\ A[“A double quote:#quot;”] –> B[“A dec char:#9829;”]
渲染后的图如下:
graph LR A["A double quote:#quot;"]-->B["A dec char:#9829;"]子图(Subgraphs)
subgraph title\ graph definition\ end
示例:
graph TB subgraph one a1 --> a2 en subgraph two b2 --> b2 end subgraph three c1 --> c2 end c1 --> a2结果:
基础fontawesome支持
如果想加入来自frontawesome的图表字体,需要像frontawesome网站上那样引用的那样。\ 详情请点击:fontawdsome
引用的语法为:++fa:#icon class name#++
graph TD B["fa:fa-twitter for peace"] B-->C[fa:fa-ban forbidden] B-->D(fa:fa-spinner); B-->E(A fa:fa-camerra-retro perhaps?);渲染图如下:
graph TD B["fa:fa-twitter for peace"] B-->C[fa:fa-ban forbidden] B-->D(fa:fa-spinner); B-->E(A fa:fa-camera-retro perhaps?);以上reference: 1.mermaid docs
定义连接线的样式
graph LR id1(Start)-->id2(Stop) style id1 fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px; style id2 fill:#ccf,stroke:#f66,stroke-width:2px,stroke-dasharray:5,5;渲染结果:
graph LR id1(Start)-->id2(Stop) style id1 fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px; style id2 fill:#ccf,stroke:#f66,stroke-width:2px,stroke-dasharray:5,5;备注:这些样式参考CSS样式。
样式类
为了方便样式的使用,可以定义类来使用样式 类的定义示例:
classDef className fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px;对节点使用样式类:
class nodeId className;同时对多个节点使用相同的样式类:
class nodeId1,nodeId2 className;可以在CSS中提前定义样式类,应用在图表的定义中。
graph LR A-->B[AAABBB]; B-->D; class A cssClass;默认样式类:\ 当没有指定样式的时候,默认采用。
classDef default fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px;示例:
graph LR classDef default fill:#f90,stroke:#555,stroke-width:4px; id1(Start)-->id2(Stop)结果:
graph LR classDef default fill:#f90,stroke:#555,stroke-width:4px; id1(Start)-->id2(Stop)序列图
示例:
sequenceDiagram Alice->>John: Hello John, how are you ? John-->>Alice: Great! Alice--->>John: Huang,you are better . John-->>Alice: yeah, Just not bad. sequenceDiagram Alice->>John: Hello John, how are you ? John-->>Alice: Great! Alice->>John: Hung,you are better . John-->>Alice: yeah, Just not bad.观察上面的图,如果想让John出现在前面,如何控制,mermaid通过设定参与者(participants)的顺序控制二者的顺序。上面的图可以做如下修改:
sequenceDiagram\ participant John\ participant Alice\ Alice->>John:Hello John,how are you?\ John–>>Alice:Great!
sequenceDiagram participant John participant Alice Alice-xJohn:Hello John,how are you? John-->>Alice:Great!消息的语法: 实线或者虚线的使用: [Actor][Arrow][Actor]:Message text\ Arrow的六种样式:
->–>->>–>>-x–x示例:
sequenceDiagram Alice->John: Hello John, how are you ? John-->Alice:Great! Alice->>John: dont borther me ! John-->>Alice:Great! Alice-xJohn: wait! John--xAlice: Ok!便签
给序列图增加便签:\ 具体规则:\ [right of | left of | over][Actor]:Text\ 示例:
sequenceDiagram participant John Note left of John: Text in note结果:
跨越两个Actor的便签:
sequenceDiagram Alice->John:Hello John, how are you? Note over Alice,John:A typical interaction sequenceDiagram Alice->>John:Hello John, how are you? Note over Alice,John:A typical interaction循环Loops
在序列图中,也可以使用循环,具体规则如下:
loop Loop text ... statements... end示例:
sequenceDiagram Alice->>John: Hello! loop Reply every minute John->>Alice:Great! end渲染结果:
选择ALT
在序列图中选择的表达。规则如下:
alt Describing text ...statements... else ...statements... end或者使用opt(推荐在没有else的情况下使用)
opt Describing text ...statements... end示例:
sequenceDiagram Alice->>Bob: Hello Bob, how are you? alt is sick Bob->>Alice:not so good :( else is well Bob->>Alice:Feeling fresh like a daisy:) end opt Extra response Bob->>Alice:Thanks for asking end渲染结果如下:
甘特图是一类条形图,由Karol Adamiechi在1896年提出, 而在1910年Henry Gantt也独立的提出了此种图形表示。通常用在对项目终端元素和总结元素的开始及完成时间进行的描述。
示例:
gantt dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD section S1 T1: 2014-01-01, 9d section S2 T2: 2014-01-11, 9d section S3 T3: 2014-01-02, 9d gantt dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD section S1 T1: 2014-01-01, 9d section S2 T2: 2014-01-11, 9d section S3 T3: 2014-01-02, 9d先来看一个大的例子:
gantt dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD title Adding GANTT diagram functionality to mermaid section A section Completed task :done, des1, 2014-01-06,2014-01-08 Active task :active, des2, 2014-01-09, 3d Future task : des3, after des2, 5d Future task2 : des4, after des3, 5d section Critical tasks Completed task in the critical line :crit, done, 2014-01-06,24h Implement parser and jison :crit, done, after des1, 2d Create tests for parser :crit, active, 3d Future task in critical line :crit, 5d Create tests for renderer :2d Add to mermaid :1d section Documentation Describe gantt syntax :active, a1, after des1, 3d Add gantt diagram to demo page :after a1 , 20h Add another diagram to demo page :doc1, after a1 , 48h section Last section Describe gantt syntax :after doc1, 3d Add gantt diagram to demo page : 20h Add another diagram to demo page : 48h获得的图渲染后如下:
header 1header 2title标题dateFormat日期格式section模块Completed已经完成Active当前正在进行Future后续待处理crit关键阶段日期缺失默认从上一项完成后关于日期的格式可以参考: - string-format - Time-Formatting