Nexus可以用来管理二进制制品，如果是Java的应用，则可以与Apache Maven结合使用进行二进制制品的部署，这篇文章使用简单的示例来对使用方法进行说明。
构建结束之后，使用Apache Maven Deploy Plugin可以将构建所生成的二进制制品添加至远端仓库以便其他开发者和项目所共享。这种情况一般有如下的使用场景：
此二进制制品（通常是jar文件）是项目其他部分所依赖的组件此二进制制品可能是第三方提供的jar文件，为项目所需要使用的组件 由于仓库管理的内容并不仅仅包含二进制制品，同时可能会包含POM文件和metadata等其他信息，而这些都会在Apache Maven Deploy Plugin中得到保证。Apache Maven Deploy Plugin主要有如下两种使用方式：
deploy:deploy
deploy:deploy-file
早前的Nexus3的版本中并没有提供二进制制品的上传功能，此项功能特性为3.9版本之后添加，如果使用的是诸如3.2.1这样早期的版本，则可以考虑结合mvn deploy来实现二进制制品的上传。
事前准备spring boot的demo代码，只需要创建相关目录以及2个文件(pom.xml和java文件)
~ # mkdir demo ~ # cd demo ~/demo # vi pom.xml ~/demo # ls pom.xml ~/demo # mkdir -p src/main/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo ~/demo # cd src/main/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo ~/demo/src/main/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo # vi SpringbootdemoApplication.java ~/demo/src/main/java/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo # cd ~/demo ~/demo # ls pom.xml src ~/demo #详细参看如下文章：
https://blog.csdn.net/liumiaocn/article/details/83548217设定Maven环境，版本依赖要求Maven版本>3.0.0，此处为3.5.2
~/demo # mvn --version Apache Maven 3.5.2 (138edd61fd100ec658bfa2d307c43b76940a5d7d; 2017-10-18T15:58:13+08:00) Maven home: /usr/local/share/maven Java version: 1.8.0_121, vendor: Oracle Corporation Java home: /usr/lib/java-8-oracle/jre Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: ANSI_X3.4-1968 OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix" ~/demo #使用docker镜像方式启动Nexus的3.16.1版本的服务。docker-compose.yml信息如下所示：
version: '2' services: # Repository service: Nexus nexus: image: sonatype/nexus3:3.16.1 ports: - "32004:8081" volumes: - /home/local/nexus/data/:/nexus-data environment: - JAVA_MAX_MEN=512m - JAVA_MIN_MEN=128m restart: "no"设定Nexus的hosttyped的Maven私库，详细可参看：
https://blog.csdn.net/liumiaocn/article/details/61931847上述示例使用版本为3.2.1，本文使用示例为3.16.1，但使用方式相差无几
连接Nexus私库需要设定用户名和密码，否则会提示Return code is: 401, ReasonPhrase: Unauthorized认证失败的信息。以下为未设定情况下的错误提示信息示例
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:2.8.2:deploy-file (default-cli) on project springbootdemo: Failed to deploy artifacts: Could not transfer artifact com.liumiaocn:springbootdemo:jar:0.0.1-20190522.114757-1 from/to nexus-repo (http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/): Failed to transfer file: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.1-20190522.114757-1.jar. Return code is: 401, ReasonPhrase: Unauthorized. -> [Help 1]设定信息：在settings.xml的servers段中添加如下Nexus连接信息
<server> <id>nexus-repo</id> <username>admin</username> <password>admin123</password> </server>命令行示例： mvn package deploy:deploy-file -DgroupId=com.liumiaocn -DartifactId=springbootdemo -Dversion=0.0.1-SNAPSHOT -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=target/springbootdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar -DgeneratePom=true -DrepositoryId=nexus-repo -Durl=http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/
执行日志示例 ~/demo # ls pom.xml src ~/demo # pwd /root/demo ~/demo # mvn package deploy:deploy-file -DgroupId=com.liumiaocn \ > -DartifactId=springbootdemo \ > -Dversion=0.0.1-SNAPSHOT \ > -Dpackaging=jar \ > -Dfile=target/springbootdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar \ > -DgeneratePom=true \ > -DrepositoryId=nexus-repo \ > -Durl=http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/ [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building springbootdemo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:resources (default-resources) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/demo/src/main/resources [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/demo/src/main/resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:compile (default-compile) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /root/demo/target/classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:testResources (default-testResources) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/demo/src/test/resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] No sources to compile [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.21.0:test (default-test) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] No tests to run. [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:3.0.2:jar (default-jar) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Building jar: /root/demo/target/springbootdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] [INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.0.6.RELEASE:repackage (default) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building springbootdemo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-deploy-plugin:2.8.2:deploy-file (default-cli) @ springbootdemo --- Downloading from nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.1-20190522.122144-1.jar Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.1-20190522.122144-1.jar (16 MB at 5.7 MB/s) Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.1-20190522.122144-1.pom Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.1-20190522.122144-1.pom (409 B at 942 B/s) Downloading from nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml (777 B at 2.8 kB/s) Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml (287 B at 1.3 kB/s) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 15.337 s [INFO] Finished at: 2019-05-22T20:21:48+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 29M/111M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ~/demo #而在Nexus所创建的Maven的仓库中也可以看到刚刚上传的文件, 除了jar文件之外还有sha1和md5的校验信息文件，由于generatePom设定为了true，因此还生成了pom.xml文件和相关的校验文件，详细信息如下图所示。
在实际的情况下，更多则是二进制制品本身需要带pom.xml或者不带的情况，一般也可以使用-DpomFile=pom.xml用于指定特定的pom文件。如果仅仅上传二进制制品的情况下，可根据实际的使用需要进行调整，只需将generatePom设定为false即可。这里为了演示方便，此处将Version修改为0.0.2
~/demo # mvn clean package deploy:deploy-file -DgroupId=com.liumiaocn \ > -DartifactId=springbootdemo \ > -Dversion=0.0.2-SNAPSHOT \ > -Dpackaging=jar \ > -Dfile=target/springbootdemo-0.0.2-SNAPSHOT.jar \ > -DgeneratePom=false \ > -DrepositoryId=nexus-repo \ > -Durl=http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/ [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building springbootdemo 0.0.2-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:3.0.0:clean (default-clean) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Deleting /root/demo/target [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:resources (default-resources) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/demo/src/main/resources [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/demo/src/main/resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:compile (default-compile) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /root/demo/target/classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:testResources (default-testResources) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/demo/src/test/resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] No sources to compile [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.21.0:test (default-test) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] No tests to run. [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:3.0.2:jar (default-jar) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Building jar: /root/demo/target/springbootdemo-0.0.2-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] [INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.0.6.RELEASE:repackage (default) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building springbootdemo 0.0.2-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-deploy-plugin:2.8.2:deploy-file (default-cli) @ springbootdemo --- Downloading from nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.2-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.2-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.2-20190522.122713-1.jar Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.2-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.2-20190522.122713-1.jar (16 MB at 4.7 MB/s) Downloading from nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml Downloaded from nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml (287 B at 1.6 kB/s) Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.2-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.2-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml (604 B at 5.6 kB/s) Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml (327 B at 2.7 kB/s) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 15.198 s [INFO] Finished at: 2019-05-22T20:27:17+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 29M/113M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ~/demo #可以看到并未生成pom.xml和相关的校验文件信息
在此示例的pom.xml文件中添加如下部署管理distributionManagement相关的信息（加入到projects段中），即可直接通过mvn deploy来进行部署。
<distributionManagement> <repository> <id>nexus-repo</id> <name>Nexus Repository</name> <url>http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/</url> </repository> </distributionManagement>如果不设定此项，执行mvn deploy的时候则会提示repository element was not specified in the POM inside distributionManagement element的错误信息。 此处为了演示方便，同时将Version设定为0.0.3，从如下执行示例日志中可以看到，只需要执行mvn deploy:deploy或者mvn deploy即可完成部署了
~/demo # mvn clean package deploy:deploy [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building springbootdemo 0.0.3-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:3.0.0:clean (default-clean) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Deleting /root/demo/target [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:resources (default-resources) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/demo/src/main/resources [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/demo/src/main/resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:compile (default-compile) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module! [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /root/demo/target/classes [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.0.2:testResources (default-testResources) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources. [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/demo/src/test/resources [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.7.0:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] No sources to compile [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.21.0:test (default-test) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] No tests to run. [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:3.0.2:jar (default-jar) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] Building jar: /root/demo/target/springbootdemo-0.0.3-SNAPSHOT.jar [INFO] [INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.0.6.RELEASE:repackage (default) @ springbootdemo --- [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-deploy-plugin:2.8.2:deploy (default-cli) @ springbootdemo --- Downloading from nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.3-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.3-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.3-20190522.130006-1.jar Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.3-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.3-20190522.130006-1.jar (16 MB at 6.3 MB/s) Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.3-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.3-20190522.130006-1.pom Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.3-SNAPSHOT/springbootdemo-0.0.3-20190522.130006-1.pom (1.6 kB at 5.0 kB/s) Downloading from nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml Downloaded from nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml (327 B at 1.9 kB/s) Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.3-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/0.0.3-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml (777 B at 3.9 kB/s) Uploading to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml Uploaded to nexus-repo: http://192.168.163.141:32004/repository/mvnhosted/com/liumiaocn/springbootdemo/maven-metadata.xml (367 B at 2.1 kB/s) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 14.998 s [INFO] Finished at: 2019-05-22T21:00:09+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 29M/112M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ~/demo #从Nexus上也可以看到二进制制品上传的结果，详细如下图所示
http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-deploy-plugin/ https://support.sonatype.com/hc/en-us/articles/115006744008-How-can-I-programmatically-upload-files-into-Nexus-3-
淼叔 认证博客专家 神经网络 TensorFlow NLP 资深架构师，PMP、OCP、CSM、HPE University讲师，EXIN DevOps Professional与DevOps Master认证讲师，曾担任HPE GD China DevOps & Agile Leader，帮助企业级客户提供DevOps咨询培训以及实施指导。熟悉通信和金融领域，有超过十年金融外汇行业的架构设计、开发、维护经验，在十几年的IT从业生涯中拥有了软件开发设计领域接近全生命周期的经验和知识积累，著有企业级DevOps技术与工具实战。