毕业之后这两天没什么事,Ph.D老板群里前两天发了一个关于Xinyu Zhang老师在Acsic People上的一个讲座链接。Xinyu Zhang是我们领域有目共睹的专家,去年老板请他来给talk,有幸负责接待工作并与张老师当面聊了聊。这个视频对于PhD学生/PostDoc和AP都很有帮助,包括如何取定义、解决一个问题,如何写paper和Proposal,如何带学生等。 把自己的笔记发出来与大家分享,希望也可以与大家多多交流。也祝自己Ph.D科研之路顺利!
视频地址:[Speaker #15] Perspectives on Research Productivity Xinyu Zhang
我不知道那个优化目标更重要,这取决于哪一个是可解的。 ——李葆春
我做了二十五年的研究,发现最优价值的东西就是我应该始终像我23岁那样去思考问题。 ——Avinash Dixit,普林斯顿经济学家
避免专家思维:这个不是已经被做过了吗?这个不是已经用在哪里了吗?新颖≠没有做过的no scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer. —— Stephen Stigler,芝加哥大学统计学家
新颖需要大量的探索和执行力大部分创造都是在模仿的基础上增加其附加价值的东西…最初的想法的确是相同的,但在此基础之上添加东西、使之升华的水平高低才是决定胜负的关键。 纵观科学技术史,哪项成就不是以前就有人想到过的?只不过是当时那个人或是没有实现它的能力,或是没有坚持到最后,在研究的道路上半途而废而已… ——金出武雄《像外行一样思考,像专家一样实践》
CMU机器人学院前院长
系统类研究的创新 两条原则重要或众所周知的原理,我们第一个实现反思并重新设计系统系统的工作在于细节,别人会在读你的论文时得到启发,得到成功的经验和失败的教训,这就是系统工作的价值Creativity is just connecting things. When you ask creative people how they did something, they feel a little guilty because they didn’t really do it, they just saw something. It seemed obvious to them after a while. That’s because they were able to connect experiences they’ve had and synthesize new things. -Steve Jobs
存储大量的idea,他们会不自觉地产生化学反应。我们的想象力就是把脑子中已经有的知识应用到不同的场景中。The creative mind has a vast attic. That homework problem you did in college, that intriguing but seemingly pointless paper you spent a week deciphering as a postdoc, that offhand remark of a colleague, all are stored in hope chests somewhere up in a creative person’s brain, often to be picked through and applied by the subconscious at the most unexpected moments. There is nothing we imagine which we do not already know. And our ability to imagine is our ability to remember what we have already once experienced and to apply it to some different situation. —— Feynman’s Rainbow. by Leonard Mlodinow, Written 2003 Richard Feynman,理查德·费曼,物理学家,纳米科技之父
学习大量的paper,并不是简单的“读”,要把idea压缩放到大脑里不仅要深,而且要广——创新往往是来自于领域的交叉在大量的实验中亲身地获得问题的体验与直觉与学生一起创新的关键,是要有正确的判断和足够的决心,而且在学生打退堂鼓时绝不给退路…所以,因为想法比较清楚,我在推进这件事情上没有任何犹豫,也不允许学生找任何借口放慢其进度。因为我知道我们能想出来的这些想法,其他人也随时有可能会领悟到,关键在于谁能有更清晰的想法和贯彻的决心。 ——王鸿飞(复旦大学化学系教授)《如何与学生一起创新》
I talk to myself and convince myself that this problem is tractable by my methods and the other guys are not doing it right. The reason they haven’t gotten it is that they aren’t doing it right. And I’m going to do it a different way. I talk myself into this, and I get myself enthusiastic. The reason is, when there is a hard problem, one has to work a long time and has to be persistent. In order to be persistent, you have got to be convinced that it’s worthwhile working so hard, that you’re going to get somewhere. And that takes a certain kind of fooling yourself. —— Feynman’s Rainbow
做研究的最重要一环,是要搞清楚问题的来龙去脉,以及当初的权威们在相关问题上做过些什么努力。这一阶段上需要花的功夫特别多,需要达到的境界是要学会能够自如地模仿当初的那些权威们看待问题的方式和角度,而不是动不动就展开自己的独立思考。这样做才能真正让自己站在过去的那些巨人的肩上。在基本上能够达到这个境界的时候,研究中有真正的新的思路和想法的机会就会大大增强。 —— 王鸿飞,“少一些独立思考也许更好”
If a big strong guy comes into a martial arts studio and someone pushes him, he wants to resist and push the guy back to prove that he is a big strong guy. The problem is that he isn’t learning anything by doing this. In order to grow, he needs to give up his current mind-set. He needs to lose to win. The bruiser will need to get pushed around by little guys for a while, until he learns how to use more than brawn. William Chen calls this investment in loss. Investment in loss is giving yourself to the learning process. In Push Hands it is letting yourself be pushed without reverting back to old habits—training yourself to be soft and receptive when your body doesn’t have any idea how to do it and wants to tighten up. -Josh Waitzkin,“The Art of Learning”,国际著名象棋大师,太极推手大师
