Author: Seven_0507 Date: 2019-05-22

文章目录

Python图形用户界面和游戏开发1. tkinter模块2. Pygame进行游戏开发

Python图形用户界面和游戏开发

1. tkinter模块

""" 使用tkinter创建GUI - 顶层窗口 - 控件 - 布局 - 事件回调 """ import tkinter import tkinter.messagebox def main(): # 类属性flag flag = True # 修改标签上的文字 def change_label_text(): nonlocal flag # nonlocal关键字用来在函数或其他作用域中使用外层(非全局)变量 flag = not flag if flag: color, msg = ('red', 'Hello, world!') else: color, msg = ('blue', 'Goodbye, world!') label.config(text=msg, fg=color) # 确认退出 def confirm_to_quit(): if tkinter.messagebox.askokcancel('温馨提示', '确定要退出吗?'): top.quit() # 创建顶层窗口 top = tkinter.Tk() # 设置窗口大小 top.geometry('240x160') # 设置窗口标题 top.title('小游戏') # 创建标签对象并添加到顶层窗口 label = tkinter.Label(top, text='Hello, world!', font='Arial -32', fg='red') label.pack(expand=1) # 创建一个装按钮的容器 panel = tkinter.Frame(top) # 创建按钮对象 指定添加到哪个容器中 通过command参数绑定事件回调函数 button1 = tkinter.Button(panel, text='修改', command=change_label_text) button1.pack(side='left') button2 = tkinter.Button(panel, text='退出', command=confirm_to_quit) button2.pack(side='right') panel.pack(side='bottom') # 开启主事件循环 tkinter.mainloop() if __name__ == '__main__': main() """ 使用tkinter创建GUI - 在窗口上制作动画 """ import tkinter import time # 播放动画效果的函数 def play_animation(): canvas.move(oval, 2, 2) canvas.update() top.after(50, play_animation) x = 10 y = 10 top = tkinter.Tk() top.geometry('600x600') top.title('动画效果') top.resizable(False, False) top.wm_attributes('-topmost', 1) canvas = tkinter.Canvas(top, width=600, height=600, bd=0, highlightthickness=0) canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 600, 600, fill='gray') oval = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 60, 60, fill='red') canvas.pack() top.update() play_animation() tkinter.mainloop() # 请思考如何让小球碰到屏幕的边界就弹回 # 请思考如何用面向对象的编程思想对上面的代码进行封装 """ 用turtle模块绘图 这是一个非常有趣的模块 它模拟一只乌龟在窗口上爬行的方式来进行绘图 """ import turtle turtle.pensize(3) turtle.penup() turtle.goto(-180, 150) turtle.pencolor('red') turtle.fillcolor('yellow') turtle.pendown() turtle.begin_fill() for _ in range(36): turtle.forward(200) turtle.right(170) turtle.end_fill() turtle.mainloop()

2. Pygame进行游戏开发

""" 大球吃小球游戏步骤 - 制作游戏窗口 - 在窗口中绘图 - 加载图像 - 实现动画效果 - 碰撞检测 """ from enum import Enum, unique from math import sqrt from random import randint import pygame # 碰撞检测 @unique class Color(Enum): """颜色""" RED = (255, 0, 0) GREEN = (0, 255, 0) BLUE = (0, 0, 255) BLACK = (0, 0, 0) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) GRAY = (242, 242, 242) @staticmethod def random_color(): """获得随机颜色""" r = randint(0, 255) g = randint(0, 255) b = randint(0, 255) return (r, g, b) class Ball(object): """球""" def __init__(self, x, y, radius, sx, sy, color=Color.RED): """初始化方法""" self.x = x self.y = y self.radius = radius self.sx = sx self.sy = sy self.color = color self.alive = True def move(self, screen): """移动""" self.x += self.sx self.y += self.sy if self.x - self.radius <= 0 or self.x + self.radius >= screen.get_width(): self.sx = -self.sx if self.y - self.radius <= 0 or self.y + self.radius >= screen.get_height(): self.sy = -self.sy def eat(self, other): """吃其他球""" if self.alive and other.alive and self != other: dx, dy = self.x - other.x, self.y - other.y distance = sqrt(dx ** 2 + dy ** 2) if distance < self.radius + other.radius \ and self.radius > other.radius: other.alive = False self.radius = self.radius + int(other.radius * 0.146) def draw(self, screen): """在窗口上绘制球""" pygame.draw.circle(screen, self.color, (self.x, self.y), self.radius, 0) # 事件处理 def main(): # 定义用来装所有球的容器 balls = [] # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块 pygame.init() # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸 screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) print(screen.get_width()) print(screen.get_height()) # 设置当前窗口的标题 pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球') # 定义变量来表示小球在屏幕上的位置 x, y = 50, 50 running = True # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件 while running: # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理 for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: running = False if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1: x, y = event.pos radius = randint(10, 100) sx, sy = randint(-10, 10), randint(-10, 10) color = Color.random_color() ball = Ball(x, y, radius, sx, sy, color) balls.append(ball) screen.fill((255, 255, 255)) for ball in balls: if ball.alive: ball.draw(screen) else: balls.remove(ball) pygame.display.flip() # 每隔50毫秒就改变小球的位置再刷新窗口 pygame.time.delay(50) for ball in balls: ball.move(screen) for other in balls: ball.eat(other) if __name__ == '__main__': main() pygame 1.9.6 Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html 800 600