BDD：Behaviour Driven Development 行为驱动开发 TDD：Test Driven Development 测试驱动开发
1、单元测试 2、e2e测试 3、视觉回归测试 4、性能测试
在此之前，自己没有在任何项目中使用过自动化测试，主要是工作内容迭代快周期短，完全没有时间去写测试用例，开发完成后就直接移交给测试同学进行测试，他们也是人工完成测试。但自动化的好处就在于，只要用例覆盖的全面，就能大大提高代码质量，减少一些容易忽略的bug，做完迭代修改，跑一遍测试用例，轻松做完回归，也能让自己放心不是。而且对于项目以后的维护和交接都提供了保障作用。
这里简单介绍下karma工具的入门使用，首先保证有node环境，然后就是一顿插件要装
npm install karma-cli -g // 安装全局karma命令 // 安装jasmine断言库，无界面浏览器phantomJs，开发环境即可 npm install karma jasmine-core karma-jasmine karma-phantomjs-launcher -D初始化karma
karma init会看到下面一片选项
karma init Which testing framework do you want to use ? Press tab to list possible options. Enter to move to the next question. > jasmine Do you want to use Require.js ? This will add Require.js plugin. Press tab to list possible options. Enter to move to the next question. > no Do you want to capture any browsers automatically ? Press tab to list possible options. Enter empty string to move to the next question. > PhantomJS > What is the location of your source and test files ? You can use glob patterns, eg. "js/*.js" or "test/**/*Spec.js". Enter empty string to move to the next question. > Should any of the files included by the previous patterns be excluded ? You can use glob patterns, eg. "**/*.swp". Enter empty string to move to the next question. > Do you want Karma to watch all the files and run the tests on change ? Press tab to list possible options. > no初始化完成后，会生成一个karma.conf.js的文件，这就是karma的配置文件，下面需要对配置文件做一个简单的修改
// Karma configuration // Generated on Tue May 28 2019 00:10:18 GMT+0800 (GMT+08:00) module.exports = function(config) { config.set({ // base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude) basePath: '', // frameworks to use // available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter frameworks: ['jasmine'], // list of files / patterns to load in the browser files: [ './src/*.js', './test/*.spec.js' ], // list of files / patterns to exclude exclude: [ ], // preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser // available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor preprocessors: { }, // test results reporter to use // possible values: 'dots', 'progress' // available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter reporters: ['progress'], // web server port port: 9876, // enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs) colors: true, // level of logging // possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG logLevel: config.LOG_INFO, // enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes autoWatch: false, // start these browsers // available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher browsers: ['PhantomJS'], // Continuous Integration mode // if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits singleRun: true, // Concurrency level // how many browser should be started simultaneous concurrency: Infinity }) }在karma.conf.js同一目录下创建src和test文件夹，这里的路径与配置文件中file属性配置的路径一致就可以，然后在src中创建index.js，在test中创建index.spec.js
index.js代码如下：
function test (flag) { if (flag === 1) { return 'hello world'; } else { return 'hello kitty'; } } function sum (x, y) { return x + y; }index.spec.js的代码如下：
describe('index中包含的方法测试', function(){ it('test方法测试', function(){ expect(test(1)).toBe('hello world'); expect(test(2)).toBe('hello kitty'); }); it('sum方法测试', function() { expect(sum(1, 2)).toBe(3); }); })然后运行karma start或者把命令集成到package.json中
"scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1", "unit": "karma start" },就可以运行npm run unit启动测试，可以得到下面的结果
karma start 28 05 2019 00:29:14.510:INFO [karma-server]: Karma v4.1.0 server started at http://0.0.0.0:9876/ 28 05 2019 00:29:14.518:INFO [launcher]: Launching browsers PhantomJS with concurrency unlimited 28 05 2019 00:29:14.527:INFO [launcher]: Starting browser PhantomJS 28 05 2019 00:29:20.933:INFO [PhantomJS 2.1.1 (Windows 8.0.0)]: Connected on socket 19EZePoOha6FPj8uAAAA with id 92401631 PhantomJS 2.1.1 (Windows 8.0.0): Executed 2 of 2 SUCCESS (0.005 secs / 0.003 secs) TOTAL: 2 SUCCESS可以看见，两个测试用例都验证成功了 这里只是一个简单的入门介绍，想要尝试在自己的项目中使用，可以去github上看看，推荐看看这个(https://github.com/karma-runner/karma)
另关于jasmine断言的语法，大家可以去官网看看，我找了另一个博主的总结，觉得挺全面的，果断引用jasmine语法
