MySQL死锁套路:唯一索引S锁与X锁的爱恨情仇。

    xiaoxiao2022-07-12  145

    利用调试MySQL源码的方式来查看死锁的过程,本文举了个通俗易懂的例子方便大家理解,希望可以对大家有帮助。

     

    毫不夸张的说,有一半以上的死锁问题由唯一索引贡献,后面介绍的很多死锁的问题都跟唯一索引有关。这次我们讲一段唯一索引 S 锁与 X 锁的爱恨情仇。

    我们来看一个简化过的例子

                 # 构造数据CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(10), `level` int(11), PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `uk_name` (`name`));INSERT INTO `t1` (`name`, `level`) VALUES ("A",0);# 出现问题的sql语句如下,并发情况下就会出现死锁INSERT ignore INTO `t1` (`name`, `level`) VALUES ("A",0);update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";

     

    我们用之前介绍过的源码分析方式,先来看下这两条语句分别加什么锁,然后分析死锁形成的过程。

    第一条语句

      INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ("A",0);

     

    在调试中得到的结果如下

    可以看到这条语句对唯一键 uk_name 加共享锁(S锁),而且成功。

     

    第二条语句

      update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"; 通过唯一键更新数据库字段。

     

    这种情况在之前的文章已经介绍过,会对唯一索引加 X 锁,然后对主键索引加 X 锁

    这样就可以非常轻松的复现死锁的问题了,步骤如下

    开启两个 session,分别 begin

    session1 执行INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ("A",0);

    session2 执行INSERT ignore INTO t1 (name, level) VALUES ("A",0);

    session1 执行update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"; 进入等待状态

    session2 执行update t1 set level = 1 where name = "A";,死锁产生,被回滚,同时事务 1 执行成功

     

    详细的锁状态变化如下

    死锁日志如下:

                                       LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK------------------------181208 23:00:52*** (1) TRANSACTION:TRANSACTION 53A7, ACTIVE 162 sec starting index readmysql tables in use 1, locked 1LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 2 row lock(s)MySQL thread id 12, OS thread handle 0x700010522000, query id 1424 localhost root Updatingupdate t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A7 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waitingRecord lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0 0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;; 1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc ;;*** (2) TRANSACTION:TRANSACTION 53A8, ACTIVE 8 sec starting index readmysql tables in use 1, locked 13 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 2 row lock(s)MySQL thread id 96, OS thread handle 0x70001062e000, query id 1425 localhost root Updatingupdate t1 set level = 1 where name = "A"*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A8 lock mode SRecord lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0 0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;; 1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc ;;*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index `uk_name` of table `lock_demo2`.`t1` trx id 53A8 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waitingRecord lock, heap no 2 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0 0: len 1; hex 41; asc A;; 1: len 4; hex 80000001; asc ;;*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (2)

     

    来详细看一下这个死锁日志:

      *** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index uk_name of table lock_demo2.t1 trx id 53A7 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

     

    事务 1 想获取 uk_name 唯一索引上的 X 锁 (非 gap 锁的记录锁)

      *** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index uk_name of table lock_demo2.t1 trx id 53A8 lock mode S

     

    事务 2 持有uk_name 唯一索引上的 S 锁(共享锁)

      *** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: RECORD LOCKS space id 89 page no 4 n bits 72 index uk_name of table lock_demo2.t1 trx id 53A8 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

     

    事务 2 想获得 uk_name 唯一索引上的 X 锁(非 gap 锁的记录锁)

    跟之前理论上推断的结论是一致。

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