cobbler官网 网络安装服务器套件 Cobbler(补鞋匠),可以看作是一个更多功能的pxe，它实现系统安装和pxe也差不多，需要的文件和过程大致都一样。 cobbler能自动管理dns/tftp/dhcp/rsync这四个服务。基本的系统安装，cobbler只需生成一个distro和一个profile即可。 distro相当于一个镜像，它提供安装系统过程中所需的一切文件，如vmlinuz,initrd以及rpm包等。 profile的作用是为了自动修改pxelinux.cfg/default文件，每生成或修改一次profile，都会在default文件中修改或追加对应的label。 除了distro/profile之外，cobbler还管理system/images/repositories等，但是用的很少。
/ec/cobbler /etc/cobbler/settings : cobbler 主配置文件 /etc/cobbler/iso/: iso模板配置文件 /etc/cobbler/pxe: pxe模板文件 /etc/cobbler/power: 电源配置文件 /etc/cobbler/user.conf: web服务授权配置文件 /etc/cobbler/users.digest: web访问的用户名密码配置文件 /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template : dhcp服务器的的配置末班 /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template : dns服务器的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template : tftp服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/modules.conf : 模块的配置文件 数据目录： /var/lib/cobbler/config/: 用于存放distros，system，profiles 等信 息配置文件 /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/: 用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/: 默认存放kickstart文件 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/: 存放各种引导程序 镜像目录 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/: 导入的发行版系统的所有数据 /var/www/cobbler/images/ : 导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于 远程网络启动 /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/: yum 仓库存储目录 日志目录： /var/log/cobbler/installing: 客户端安装日志 /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log : cobbler日志
准备环境软件httpd、dhcp、xinetd、rsync、pykickstart、cobbler和cobbler-web
yum install -y httpd tftp dhcp cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart xinetd这里出现一个报错
缺少依赖包：Djange，Djange依赖包是python-simplejson，所以
yum install -y python-simplejson #下载依赖包 wget https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org//packages/Django14/1.4.14/1.el6/noarch/Django14-1.4.14-1.el6.noarch.rpm #下载Djange源到当前目录 rpm -ivh Django14-1.4.14-1.el6.noarch.rpm #安装Django包以上操作之后再次
yum install -y httpd tftp dhcp cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart xinetd出现“complete”提示，成功安装以上软件。 安装成功后在 /etc/httpd/conf.d目录下出现cobbler的配置文件，如下图中cobbler.conf、cobbler_web.conf
启动apache
/etc/init.d/httpd start出现错误：
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName 解决办法： vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 在#ServerName www.example.com:80加上 ServerName localhost:80查看开启服务
lsof -i:80启动cobbler
/etc/init.d/cobblerd start检查cobbler启动状
/etc/init.d/cobblerd status检查cobbler配置
cobbler check出现错误提示：xmlrpclib.Fault: <Fault 1: “<class ‘cobbler.cexceptions.CX’>:‘login failed’”> ，解决办法需要重启cobbler,并执行cobbler get-loaders.
service cobblerd restart cobbler get-loaders然后执行cobbler check出现如下提示 根据上图完成cobbler安装剩下步骤
关闭防火墙和selinux
/etc/init.d/iptables stop chkconfig iptables off #关闭防火墙 sestatus #查看seLinux状态 vim /etc/selinux/config #更改配置文件将SELINUX=enforcing 改为SELINUX=disabled reboot 重启修改 /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i "s/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.31.170/g" /etc/cobbler/settings #next_server参数的值为提供PXE服务的主机相应的IP地址 sed -i "s/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.31.170/g" /etc/cobbler/settings #server参数的值为提供cobbler服务的主机相应的IP地址或主机名修改/etc/xinetd.d/rsync和/etc/xinetd.d/tftp配置文件
vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync vim etc/xinetd.d/tftp
生成新装机器登录密码
openssl passwd -1 -salt 'cobbler' '123123'将生成的密码替换/etc/cobbler/settings下原来的 default_password_crypted:
下载 cman 和fence-agents（和电源管理有关虚拟机不用下载）
yum -y install cman fence-agents重启和检查cobbler配置
/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart cobbler check如果在/etc/cobbler/settings中设置了manage_dhcp:1，表示由cobbler管理dhcp(默认为0即人为手动管理)，则cobbler管理的dhcp的配置模板/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template会覆盖/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf中配置，所以应该修改模板文件dhcp.template。
vim /etc/cobbler/settings # 将manage_dhcp:0改为manage_dhcp:1 vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template# 修改dhcp的配置模板文件，自动生成DHCP配置文件 option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16; subnet 192.168.31.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 #修改子网 { option routers 192.168.31.1;# 修改网关 option domain-name-servers 192.168.31.1;#修改dns option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; range dynamic-bootp 192.168.31.100 192.168.31.254;#子网范围 default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server $next_server; #在/etc/cobbler/settings中设置的next_server class "pxeclients" { match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient"; if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 { filename "ia64/elilo.efi"; } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 { filename "grub/grub-x86.efi"; } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 { filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";重启cobbler配置生效
/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart cobbler sync #自动生成DHCP配置文件，并重启DHCP cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running: dhcpd -t -q received on stdout: received on stderr: running: service dhcpd restart #重启DHCP服务 received on stdout: Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]观察DHCP配置文件变化
cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf#Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file （cobbler管理的） #generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Mon May 27 15:53:56 2019) #Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes #in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be #overwritten.
关于tftp，在/etc/cobbler/settings中默认启用了由cobbler管理tftp，所以此处无需配置它。只要知道它的根目录为/var/lib/tftpboot即可。但是如果后面装系统的时候如果找不到tftp(应该是cobbler管理tftp的bug)，则手动启动tftp即可。
生成distro的方法有多种，可以从本地镜像导入生成，也可以根据网络上的资源生成。显然，从本地生成的效率是最好的。
从本地导入的过程实际上是将系统镜像中的文件复制到/var/www/cobbler/目录(默认)下。
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ cobbler import --name=CentOS6.6 --path=/mnt/ --arch=x86_64 cobbler import --name=CentOS7 --path=/mnt/ --arch=x86_64#虚拟机下挂载centos7的ISO文件 导入完成后，就会把镜像复制到/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror目录下，自动做好yum源与PXE不同，Cobbler可以自动帮助我们生成系统安装的yum 源，而不需要我们自己去制作，我们只要指定光盘路径就好了。 #执行下面的命令可以看到，这里已经成功的制作了两个系统yum源。
cobbler distro list结果： CentOS6.6-x86_64 CentOS7-x86_64
生成的启动菜单位置/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
#cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default DEFAULT menu PROMPT 0 MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io #可以修改为自己的标签。 TIMEOUT 200 TOTALTIMEOUT 6000 ONTIMEOUT local LABEL local MENU LABEL (local) MENU DEFAULT LOCALBOOT -1 LABEL CentOS6.6-x86_64 kernel /images/CentOS6.6-x86_64/vmlinuz MENU LABEL CentOS6.6-x86_64 append initrd=/images/CentOS6.6-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang= kssendmac text ks=http://192.168.31.176/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS6.6-x86_64 ipappend 2 LABEL CentOS7-x86_64 kernel /images/CentOS7-x86_64/vmlinuz MENU LABEL CentOS7-x86_64 append initrd=/images/CentOS7-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang= kssendmac text ks=http://192.168.31.176/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS7-x86_64 ipappend 2以下是CentOS6的Kickstart内容：
# kickstart template for Fedora 8 and later. # (includes %end blocks) # do not use with earlier distros #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T # System authorization information auth --useshadow --enablemd5 # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel #Partition information part /boot --fstype ext4 --size 5600 --ondisk sda part swap --size=3000 part / --fstype ext4 --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda part /var --fstype=ext4 --size=6000 --ondisk sda # Use text mode install text # Firewall configuration firewall --disable # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --disable # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang en_US # Use network installation url --url=$tree # If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here. $yum_repo_stanza # Network information $SNIPPET('network_config') #network --bootproto=dhcp --device=em1 # Reboot after installation reboot #Root password rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Do not configure the X Window System skipx # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr %packages @base @compat-libraries @debugging @development tree nmap sysstat lrzsz dos2unix telnet %pre $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre') $SNIPPET('kickstart_start') $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config') # Enable installation monitoring $SNIPPET('pre_anamon') %post %end以下是cenos7的kickstart配置文件：
#version=DEVEL # System authorization information auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url=$tree # Use text mode install text # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled firstboot --disable # ignoredisk --only-use=sda # 此项是CentOS7默认的项，但cobbler编译ks文件时不支持此语法，所以必须将此项注释掉 # Keyboard layouts # old format: keyboard us # new format: keyboard us # System language lang en_US.UTF-8 # Network information #network --onboot=yes --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --noipv6 $SNIPPET('network_config') # Reboot after installation reboot # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Do not configure the X Window System skipx # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai # System bootloader configuration bootloader --append="quiet crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part /boot --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --size=1024 part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2000 part / --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=6000 part /var --fstype="xfs" --size=5000 # 如果是要LVM分区，则考虑以下分区 # part /boot --fstype ext4 --size=100 # part swap --fstype=swap --size=2048 # part pv26 --size=100 --grow # volgroup VG00 --pesize=32768 pv26 # logvol / --fstype ext4 --name=LVroot --vgname=VG00 --size=29984 # logvol /data --fstype ext4 --name=LVdata --vgname=VG00 --size=100 --grow %post cat >>/etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo <<eof [base] name=sohu baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=0 enable=1 [epel] name=epel baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7Server/x86_64/ enable=1 gpgcheck=0 eof sed -i "s/rhgb //" /boot/grub2/grub.cfg sed -i "/UUID/d" /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 echo "DNS1=114.114.114.114" >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 echo "UseDNS no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i "s/GSSAPIAuthentication yes/GSSAPIAuthentication no/" /etc/ssh/ssh_config sed -i "s/^SELINUX=.*$/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/sysconfig/selinux systemctl disable firewalld %end %packages @base @core @development @platform-devel kexec-tools lftp tree lrzsz ntpdate %end