状态模式
核心思想就是:当对象的状态改变时,同时改变其行为,很好理解!就拿QQ来说,有几种状态,在线、隐身、忙碌等,每个状态对应不同的操作,而且你的好友也能看到你的状态,所以,状态模式就两点:
1、可以通过改变状态来获得不同的行为。
2、你的好友能同时看到你的变化。看图:
State类是个状态类,Context类可以实现切换,我们来看看代码:
实例代码一:
public class State { private String value; public State() { } public State(String value) { this.value = value; } public String getValue() { return value; } public void setValue(String value) { this.value = value; } public void method1(){ System.out.println("execute the first opt!"); } public void method2(){ System.out.println("execute the second opt!"); } } **************************************************** public class Context { private State state; public Context(State state) { this.state = state; } public State getState() { return state; } public void setState(State state) { this.state = state; } public void method() { if(state.getValue().equals("state1")) { state.method1(); }else if(state.getValue().equals("state2")) { state.method2(); } } } ******************************************************** /** * 状态模式state * 根据这个特性,状态模式在日常开发中用的挺多的,尤其是做网站的时候,我们有时希望根据对象的某一属性,区别开他们的一些功能,比如说简单的权限控制等。 */ public class MainClass { public static void main(String[] args) { State state = new State(); Context context = new Context(state); state.setValue("state1"); context.method(); System.out.println("*********************************"); state.setValue("state2"); context.method(); } } *********************** 测试结果: execute the first opt! ********************************* execute the second opt!
实例代码二:
public abstract class State { public abstract void doSomething(Person person); } ************************************************************* public class MState extends State{ @Override public void doSomething(Person person) { if(person.getHour() == 7) { System.out.println("吃早餐"); }else { person.setState(new LState()); person.doSomething(); } } } ************************************************************* public class LState extends State { @Override public void doSomething(Person person) { if(person.getHour() == 12) { System.out.println("吃午餐"); }else { person.setState(new SState()); person.doSomething(); } } } ************************************************************* public class SState extends State { @Override public void doSomething(Person person) { if(person.getHour() == 18) { System.out.println("吃晚餐"); }else { person.setState(new NoState()); person.doSomething(); } } } ************************************************************* public class NoState extends State { @Override public void doSomething(Person person) { System.out.println(person.getHour()+"未定义"); } } ************************************************************* public class Person { private int hour; private State state; public State getState() { return state; } public void setState(State state) { this.state = state; } public Person(int hour) { this.hour = hour; } public Person() { state = new MState(); } public int getHour() { return hour; } public void setHour(int hour) { this.hour = hour; } public void doSomething() { // if(hour==7) { // State state = new MState(); // state.doSomething(); // }else if(hour==12) { // State state = new LState(); // state.doSomething(); // }else if(hour==18) { // State state = new SState(); // state.doSomething(); // }else { // State state = new NoState(); // state.doSomething(); // } state.doSomething(this); state = new MState(); } } ************************************************************* public class MainClass { public static void main(String[] args) { Person person = new Person(); person.setHour(7); person.doSomething(); person.setHour(12); person.doSomething(); person.setHour(18); person.doSomething(); person.setHour(8); person.doSomething(); person.setHour(7); person.doSomething(); } } ***************************************** 测试结果: 吃早餐 吃午餐 吃晚餐 8未定义 吃早餐