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    3. IP代理池检测代理可用性

    IP代理池检测代理可用性

    xiaoxiao2022-07-13  156

    目录

    项目代码 

    utils.py

    settings.py

    proxy_queue.py

     check_proxy.py

     运行方法

    在《基于Scrapy的IP代理池搭建》一文中，我们将从网页爬取到的免费代理IP按照如下格式保存到了Redis的 proxies:unchecked:list 队列中。

    同时，为了避免同一代理IP被重复存储，在将代理保存到 proxies:unchecked:list 队列之前，会先将其 URL （例如：https://39.98.254.72:3128）保存到 proxies:unchecked:set 集合中用来进行去重校验。

    众所周知，代理IP都是有时效性的。不可避免地，你会发现爬取到 proxies:unchecked:list 队列中的代理大部分都是不可用的，所以在使用代理IP之前还需要对代理IP的可用性进行验证，验证的方法就是：使用代理IP去请求指定URL，根据返回的响应判断代理IP是否可用。

    废话到此为止，接下来呈上验证代理IP可用性的代码，项目完整目录如下。

    项目代码  

    utils.py

     utils.py 是一个工具类，包含了一些常用操作，比如：剔除字符串的首位空白，获取代理IP的URL，更新代理IP的信息。

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import logging from settings import PROXY_URL_FORMATTER # 设置日志的输出样式 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='[%(asctime)-15s] [%(levelname)8s] [%(name)10s ] - %(message)s (%(filename)s:%(lineno)s)', datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %T' ) logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # 剔除字符串的首位空格 def strip(data): if data is not None: return data.strip() return data # 获取代理IP的url地址 def _get_url(proxy): return PROXY_URL_FORMATTER % {'schema': proxy['schema'], 'ip': proxy['ip'], 'port': proxy['port']} # 根据请求结果更新代理IP的字段信息 def _update(proxy, successed=False): proxy['used_total'] = proxy['used_total'] + 1 if successed: proxy['continuous_failed'] = 0 proxy['success_times'] = proxy['success_times'] + 1 else: proxy['continuous_failed'] = proxy['continuous_failed'] + 1

    settings.py

    settings.py 汇聚了整个项目的配置信息。 

    # 指定Redis的主机名和端口 REDIS_HOST = '172.16.250.238' REDIS_PORT = 6379 REDIS_PASSWORD = 123456 # 保存已经检验的代理的 Redis key 格式化字符串 PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER = 'proxies::{}' # 保存已经检验的代理 PROXIES_REDIS_EXISTED = 'proxies::existed' # 保存未检验代理的Redis key PROXIES_UNCHECKED_LIST = 'proxies:unchecked:list' # 已经存在的未检验HTTP代理和HTTPS代理集合 PROXIES_UNCHECKED_SET = 'proxies:unchecked:set' # 最多连续失败几次 MAX_FAILURE_TIMES = 2 # 代理地址的格式化字符串 PROXY_URL_FORMATTER = '%(schema)s://%(ip)s:%(port)s' BASE_HEADERS = { 'Connection': 'close', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch', 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7' } USER_AGENT_LIST = [ "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24" ] # 检验代理可用性的请求地址 PROXY_CHECK_URLS = {'https': ['https://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/81212250', 'https://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/54974260', 'https://icanhazip.com'], 'http': ['http://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/80919833', 'http://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/81589972', 'http://icanhazip.com']}

    proxy_queue.py

    proxy_queue.py 定义了两个代理存储队列类：刚刚爬取到的尚未检测过可用性的代理IP队列（UncheckQueue）和已经检测过可用性的代理IP队列（CheckQueue，该队列中的代理IP也需要定时反复检测可用性）。

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import json from utils import _get_url from settings import PROXIES_REDIS_EXISTED, PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER, PROXIES_UNCHECKED_LIST, PROXIES_UNCHECKED_SET, \ MAX_FAILURE_TIMES """ Proxy Queue Base Class """ class BaseQueue(object): def __init__(self, server): """Initialize the proxy queue instance Parameters ---------- server : StrictRedis Redis client instance """ self.server = server def _is_existed(self, proxy): """判断当前代理是否已经存在""" added = self.server.sadd(PROXIES_REDIS_EXISTED, _get_url(proxy)) return added == 0 def push(self, proxy): """根据检验结果，将代理放入相应队列""" if not self._is_existed(proxy) and proxy['continuous_failed'] < MAX_FAILURE_TIMES: key = PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER.format(proxy['schema']) self.server.rpush(key, json.dumps(proxy, ensure_ascii=False)) def pop(self, schema, timeout=0): """Pop a proxy""" raise NotImplementedError def __len__(self, schema): """Return the length of the queue""" raise NotImplementedError class CheckedQueue(BaseQueue): """待检测的代理队列""" def __len__(self, schema): """Return the length of the queue""" return self.server.llen(PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER.format(schema)) def pop(self, schema, timeout=0): """从未检测列表弹出一个待检测的代理""" if timeout > 0: p = self.server.blpop(PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER.format(schema), timeout) if isinstance(p, tuple): p = p[1] else: p = self.server.lpop(PROXIES_REDIS_FORMATTER.format(schema)) if p: p = eval(p) self.server.srem(PROXIES_REDIS_EXISTED, _get_url(p)) return p class UncheckedQueue(BaseQueue): """已检测的代理队列""" def __len__(self, schema=None): """Return the length of the queue""" return self.server.llen(PROXIES_UNCHECKED_LIST) def pop(self, schema=None, timeout=0): """从未检测列表弹出一个待检测的代理""" if timeout > 0: p = self.server.blpop(PROXIES_UNCHECKED_LIST, timeout) if isinstance(p, tuple): p = p[1] else: p = self.server.lpop(PROXIES_UNCHECKED_LIST) if p: p = eval(p) self.server.srem(PROXIES_UNCHECKED_SET, _get_url(p)) return p

     check_proxy.py

    使用 OptionParser 模块，通过从命令终端传入不同参数来控制检测不同代理队列的可用性。 

    # encoding=utf-8 import redis from optparse import OptionParser import random import requests from utils import logger, _get_url, _update from proxy_queue import CheckedQueue, UncheckedQueue from settings import USER_AGENT_LIST, BASE_HEADERS, REDIS_HOST, REDIS_PORT, REDIS_PASSWORD, PROXY_CHECK_URLS USAGE = "usage: python check_proxy.py [ -c -s <schema>] or [-u]" parser = OptionParser(USAGE) parser.add_option("-c", "--checked", action="store_true", dest="checked", help="check the proxies already checked") parser.add_option("-u", "--unchecked", action="store_false", dest="checked", help="check the proxies to be checked") parser.add_option("-s", "--schema", action="store", dest="schema", type="choice", choices=['http', 'https'], help="the schema of the proxies to be checked") options, args = parser.parse_args() r = redis.StrictRedis(host=REDIS_HOST, port=REDIS_PORT, password=REDIS_PASSWORD) if options.checked: schema = options.schema if schema is None: logger.error("使用 -c 参数时，需要指定 -s 参数！！！") proxy_queue = CheckedQueue(r) else: schema = None proxy_queue = UncheckedQueue(r) # 获取当前待检测队列中代理的数量 count = proxy_queue.__len__(schema=schema) while count > 0: logger.info("待检测代理数量： " + str(count)) count = count - 1 # 获取代理 proxy = proxy_queue.pop(schema=options.schema) proxies = {proxy['schema']: _get_url(proxy)} # 初始化计数字段值 if "used_total" not in proxy: proxy['used_total'] = 0 if "success_times" not in proxy: proxy['success_times'] = 0 if "continuous_failed" not in proxy: proxy['continuous_failed'] = 0 # 构造请求头 headers = dict(BASE_HEADERS) if 'User-Agent' not in headers.keys(): headers['User-Agent'] = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST) for url in PROXY_CHECK_URLS[proxy['schema']]: try: # 使用代理发送请求，获取响应 response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies, timeout=5) except BaseException: logger.info("使用代理< " + _get_url(proxy) + " > 请求 < " + url + " > 结果： 失败 ") successed = False else: if (response.status_code == 200): logger.info("使用代理< " + _get_url(proxy) + " > 请求 < " + url + " > 结果： 成功 ") successed = True break else: logger.info("使用代理< " + _get_url(proxy) + " > 请求 < " + url + " > 结果： 失败 ") successed = False if options.checked: # 已检测过的代理，根据检测结果更新代理信息 _update(proxy, successed=successed) # 将代理返还给队列 proxy_queue.push(proxy) elif successed: # 首次检测的代理，如果可用直接放入可用队列 proxy_queue.push(proxy)

     运行方法

     打开命令行终端，执行如下命令开始检测代理IP的可用性：

    python check_proxy.py -u # 检测 proxies:unchecked:list 队列中代理的可用性 python check_proxy.py -c -s http # 检测 proxies::http 队列中代理的可用性 python check_proxy.py -c -s https # 检测 proxies::https 队列中代理的可用性

     例如：

    [root@localhost proxy_check]# python3 /usr/local/src/python_projects/proxy_check/check_proxy.py -c -s http [2019-05-23 20:15:18] [ INFO] [ utils ] - 待检测代理数量： 437 (check_proxy.py:33) [2019-05-23 20:15:23] [ INFO] [ utils ] - 使用代理< http://5.202.192.146:8080 > 请求 < http://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/80919833 > 结果： 失败 (check_proxy.py:58) [2019-05-23 20:15:28] [ INFO] [ utils ] - 使用代理< http://5.202.192.146:8080 > 请求 < http://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/81589972 > 结果： 失败 (check_proxy.py:58) [2019-05-23 20:15:34] [ INFO] [ utils ] - 使用代理< http://5.202.192.146:8080 > 请求 < http://icanhazip.com > 结果： 失败 (check_proxy.py:58) [2019-05-23 20:15:34] [ INFO] [ utils ] - 待检测代理数量： 436 (check_proxy.py:33) [2019-05-23 20:15:35] [ INFO] [ utils ] - 使用代理< http://60.217.137.22:8060 > 请求 < http://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/80919833 > 结果： 成功 (check_proxy.py:63)

    Github地址：https://github.com/pengjunlee/proxy_check

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